Span The A : Some Details Of Canada’s Part In Giant Scheme To tlantic By Air Hon, C. D. Howe, minister of transport made public preliminary details of Canada’s participation in -g giant scheme’ to span the North Atlantic with aeroplanes carrying passengers and mail. 2 In a statement released soon after a similar declaration in London by Sir Philip Sassoon, under secretary for air, Mr. Howe announced Can- ada would join the United Kingdom and the Irish Free State in forma- Scent Factories Grow Tomatoes Juice Sells Well And Perfume Trade Has Fallen Off Grasse, the world-famous hill-side city behind the Riviera, for many years supplied the world with the finest scents and perfumes known to women. To all corners of the earth Grasse exported its products. The late Tsarina of Russia used to have a very special attar of roses _ tion of a joint pany to duct experimental flights over the North Atlantic air route and to operate a subsequent commercial service. The announcement was 4& con- firmation of an agreement reached last December at a sub-imperial con- ference in which Canada, the United Kingdom, Newfoundland and the Irish Free State took part. That conference decided to recom- mend to the governments concerned an early start of survey flights .-across- the “Atlantic and establish- ted for her; the secret of the scent was a closely guarded one. The reigning beauties of Paris vied with one another for specially fabri- cated perfumes which only Grasse could produce. The romantic hill-sides around this ancient city were covered with the finest blooms to be found anywhere in France. For miles and miles around the air was perfumed with the scent of roses and the rather more heady perfume of jasmine, They, still.grow roses, and . they still grow j i but the heavy ment as soon thereafter as possibl of a commercial service operating on schedule not less than twice a week each way. Survey flights, it was learned, were to have been started Jast April, but delay in approval of plans by some .of the governments, coupled with ‘shortage of fiying boats, due in part, at least, to Britain’s rearmament policy, it. It Js regarded as doubtful if any flights “will be made this year, as the North Atlantic flying season will be over in about two and one-half months. The announcement said prelimi- nary flights would be conducted by Imperial Airways, the United King- dom’s representative in the joint company. Imperial Airways has taken delivery already of at least one “Empire class’ flying boat of “composite’”’ type, a giant machine carrying a smaller and faster sea- plane on its back to be launched while both are in the air. The small machine is designed to carry mail for fast delivery. The statement said it was under-| stood Pan-American Airways would | participate in the aerial survey. Pan- American, however, was said also to be awaiting delivery of new planes. The joint company and Pan- American will operate an Atlantic) service on a reciprocal basis. In re-| turn for ‘landing facilities which the United States will grant the joint company, the governments of Can-| ed postp British duties have almost killed the French scent trade for Great Britain, so instead of growing jasmine and roses many of the scent factories are growing tomatoes. Slowly the cult of drinking tomato juice has seeped into France from England and the United States. Until recently France imported her tomato juice, but now the factories of Grasse are bottling and selling homegrown products, and not only are the scent factories making tomato juice, but they are also bot- tling the juice of the grape. No Motor Boats In Venice Attempts To Motorize Gondolas Does Not Meet With Approval After futile attempis to convince Venetians that motorized gondolas would speed up the city’s business, Venice authorities have ordered the withdrawal of such motor craft from the city’s canals. While other Italian cities were modernizing their means of trans- port by substituting old-fashioned carriages and buggies with fast Italian motorcars, graceful, senti- mental gondolas still reigned sup- preme in Venice. A few years ago a motorboat taxi service tried to supplant gondolas. Although it did not meet the pub- | lic’s favor, motorboats occasionally were used for long trips from Venice ada, the United Ki land and the Irish Free State will grant similar facilities to Pan- American. . Mr. Howe's statement said the joint company would be organized with the British participant holding| 51 per cent. of the capital subscrip- tions and the Canadian and Irish companies 24% each. He made no mention of any company the Do- minion might nominate as its repre- sentative in the enterprise. The announcement declared prefer- ence would be given to the North Atlantic route over Ireland, New- foundland and Canada but that “it may be necessary during an initial period to operate the services by Bermuda during the winter months.” During the experiment stage fiights will be financed by the British government. When the joint com- pany whose organization may be de- layed, assumes control of the route it will. receive an annual subsidy from the participating governments. Canada, the statement said, “will contribute 20 per cent. up to a maxi- mum of £75,000 (about $375,000), the Irish Free State five per cent. up to a maximum of £12,000 ($60,000), and Newfoundland a sum to be agreed upon between that govern- ment and the United Kingdom goy- ernment. The remainder will be made up by the United Kingdom government. The statement said each of the governments concerned had decided to grant to the joint company and Pan-American Airways exclusive landing and transit rights and that it was proposed the rights should be exclusive for 15 years. “Thereafter,” it added, “the question of the ex- clusivity and the question of grant- ing further>financial assistance to the joint committee will be re- viewed.” Comfort For Engineers The people who run the trains are asking more of the comforts of home for engine cabs, The U.S. Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen has petitioned for softer seats, foot Warmers and padded arm rests. It seemed that a London man has had the same umbrella for 39 years. Bince 1920 he has fearlessly dined at the restaurant where he obtained it. to the surr ing islets. The latest attempt to modernize canal transport was attachment of motors to the gondolas. The motor was controlled by the gondolier’s feet. He stood motionless in his boat, using his sweep only as a rudder. The appearance of these boats progressing in little jerks along the canals was greeted with hilarity and ridicule by the local populace. Authorities have issued orders that motorized gondolas be forbidden because they contrast with the esthetics of the floating city. Aviation In Australia Is Being Developed For Commercial And Defensive Purposes Australia is getting increasingly air-minded both for commercial and defensive purposes. made by the minister of defence, re- veals that Australia now has 411 government controlled aerodromes, 225 commercial pilots, and 262 civil aeroplanes available for defensive purposes. There are now operating 17,000 miles of regular air routes, with a total annual air mileage of 3,150,000 miles. The next step in the development of the Australian commercial avia- tion system is to be the installation of modern developments in night illuminaion of aerodromes to permit fast night air services between the |leading capitals of the common- | wealth. The immediate work to be carried out includes construction of nine new aerodromes between Brisbane, Sid- ney and Melbourne. Air terminals will have radios for two-way communicatons, At present aviation is developing so rapidly that a shortage of pilots is threatened. ao ee E To Protect Jungle Game “Flying squads” for the jungle to control the activities of elephants, tigers and other big game in British) Malaya, are among the suggestions | being considered by Sir Thomas) | Comyn-Platt, after a tour of Cey- lon and Malaya on behalf of the Society for the Preservation of Em- A survey of civil aviation, just} ~ GERMAN Yj 7/9 Marienwerder Vs Zs German control. Following the obvious Nazi-utterances at dent of the Free City of Danzig, Dr. prophesying a clash between Germany and Poland if Danzig swings over to The strategic position of Danzig is very valuable to Poland, but if Nazis gained control of the “Free City”, it is believed Gydnia would become Poland's.chief port in the Baltic. The map above is repro- duced through the courtesy of The Literary Digest. Geneva of the Senate Presi- Karl Greiser, political observers are Not Taking Chances Rotarians Of Vicksburg Bring Cars To Stop At Railroad Crossing The Vicksburg, Mich., Rotary Club members have taken a pledge always to bring their automobiles to a com- plete stop before crossing any rail- road track. The immediate reason for this pledge, which means simply volun- tary observation of a precaution compulsory on public buses, is a record of five deaths at village crossings within the last 16 months. And with the ghastly record of re- cent tragedies at intersections else- where in Michigan fresh in mind, there is a sharp timeliness in the action of the Vicksburg Rotarians which should commend it to motor- ists everywhere. Safety devices at railroad cross- ings ought to be as complete and as effective as care and ingenuity can make them. But no device will protect the reckless driver from the consequences of his folly if he persists in hurling his car heedlessly across dangerous crossings: The motorist who always makes a stop before crossing a railroad track is not in much danger of being run down by a train.—Detroit Free Press. Floated For Ten Hours Man Rescued Alive After Long Ordeal In Red Sea The story of a man who floated for 10 hours in the Red Sea and was picked up alive, was told when the German East Africa liner Wangoni, stopped at Southampton en route from Cape Town to Hamburg. He was a German passenger who slept on the deck because of the intense heat and had fallen overboard. The alarm was raised and the ship circled around, while the sea was swept by searchlight. For about an hour the search continued. A wireless message was sent out by the Wangoni warning ships in the vicinity to be on the lookout for the missing man Ten hours later a Dutch steamer reported by wireless it had picked up the missing man alive. Menace To Wild Life Many Animals And Birds Caught In Forest Fires A story told by one man who was close to the fire in the Raner Lake section in Ontario gives some idea of the menace such blazes are to the wild life of the district. He relates that he saw six deer, three moose, several foxes and por- cupines and even some wolves try- ing to make their way out of a bottle neck in the fire zone by swim- ming a lake. : These apparently escaped but where they managed to get away many others must have fallen vic- tims to the flames. Then among small game the rab- bits would be quite unable to get out, and partridge, for some reason, show a tendency to fiy right back into the fire. Fur bearing animals, too, would be caught by the fire, which even aside from the timber losses, would do a great deal of damage to the district’s resources. Drought Hard On Ducks Agent At Fort Smith Reports Scarcity In Northern Areas The western drought is playing havoc with the flocks of ducks that make their summer homes on the prairies. A. L. Cummings, district agent at Fort Smith, northwest ter- ritories, reported to the department of the interior. The number of ducks in Wood Buffalo park is less than any year since 1925. The park, located on the boundary between Alberta and the northwest territories, is the northern nesting limit of ducks. Gas Mask Marathon Four Russian workmen lived in gas masks for 10 consecutive days without any ill effects. During this time they carried on their every-day activities and removed their masks only for four half-hour periods daily —for washing and eating. Every night they slept in the masks. One ; of the workers made a daily speech describing his experience. You'll Find Candlewicking Very Easy Household Serious Nature Of Soil Erosion In Western Canada Is Threat To Agriculture A Healthy Child Experiment In Feeding Vitamins Conducted By Parents McDonald Charles Miller, eight months old, of Dayton, O., will not have to eat spinach to gain vitality if an experiment being conducted by his parents ends as successfully as it has started. Donald H. Miller, father of the baby, is a chemist. His occupation provides the answer for the expert- ment which has been responsible for feeding the child synthetically all the seven vitamins daily. A crushed tablet, containing all the known vitamins, has been placed in the Miller baby’s milk since the day of his birth. The child, who has been nicknamed “Sunshine Mac,” has thrived on the diet. He is two pounds heavier and three inches taller than normal babies of his age. Sunshine Mac cut two teeth when five months old. He now has three teeth and is cutting three more. Most babies do not cut a tooth un- til approximately a year old. The child also has another distinc- tion. He already has had two hair- cuts. When guided, he is able to walk. Sunshine Mac never has been ill, and it is believed his special diet will help him to escape the usual children’s diseases. The American Medical Association is said to have studied the child’s diet and habits and may make a re- port. The child’s health, and not the use he makes of his physical strength, is the aim of his parents. “We do not intend that he should be a prize fighter, football player or engage in any profession in which strength is an asset unless he de- sires it,” the Millers said. Our only aim is for him to become the ‘world’s most healthy person’. Sub-Stratosphere Plane New Type For Passenger Flights Is Being Built A new type aeroplane designed for passenger flights through the “sub- stratosphere’ is almost completed. It -was built by the Transcon- tinental and Western Air Line for tests in the rarified air layer in which the late Wiley Post was ex- perimenting before he Rogers fell to death in Alaska a year ago. The ship was designed for travel at altitudes between 20,000 and 30,- 000 feet. Most air passenger trans- ports now fly at 6,000 to 12,000 feet. At the higher level, airmen said, there is no “weather.” Clouds are far below. Storms do not go that high. Air resistance is less, so that a ship which could travel 200 miles an hour at 10,000 feet could speed up to 250 miles at 25,000 feet. No Puzzle To Passengers Unusual Sign On Railway Station Platform In London There is a sign on the platform of Sydenham Hill railway station, near the Crystal Palace, London, which would puzzle railwaymen and pas- sengers anywhere else except those in the habit of using that station. The sign says, “For Door Handles,” and a rack of paper towels hangs beneath. Regular travellers tear off a sheet and wait for their train. | The reason is simply this: The train enters the station through a long tunnel, and the smoke from the | locomotive makes the door handles} grimy. So the knowing passenger grabs the grimy handle with his bit| of towel and keeps his hands or gioves clean.—St. Thomas. Times-| and Will} Nearly a century ago enterprising pioneers invaded the great western plains of the United States. Fifty years later the Canadian Pacific Railway pushed its rails across the prairie provinces and over the lofty passes of the Rockies and the Sel- kirk Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and immigrants started to populate the westérn plains of Canada. This movement swelled to substantial proportions reaching its peak about 1910-12. Since’ the first settlements in both countries man has waged an intensive war against nature. Drouth has been the greatest enemy. Large portions of western North America have always been subject to drouth. The record has been writ- ten in the trunks of trees and, in the plains regions, in the soil itself. Scientists are inclined to the con- clusion, that contrary to popular be- lief, the climfate is not changing, but rather runs in cycles. After a period of abundance in a certain area rain- fall begins to taper off gradually and not abruptly. How low the curve will go or when it will start upward again cannot be foretold. The operations of man has added to nature’s calamities in the west. Sod, the only protection against erosion by the wind, was turned up by the plow and now the rich soil, reduced to a powder, is sucked up by the hundreds of millions of tons and carried for as far as thousands of miles. Dr. Wyatt of the University of Al- berta estimates that the removal of one inch of soil from a farm creates a loss of 300 pounds of phosphorus, 1,500 pounds of nitrogen and 15 tons or organic matter. The phosphorus alone thus lost would be equal to the amount removed from the soil by twenty crops of wheat, each yield- ing 50 bushels per acre. It would require 160 tons of farm manure to replace the nitrogen lost in each acre, or 5 tons sodium nitrate. It would require from $150 to $250 worth of commercial fertilizer to re- place the nitrogen lost from an acre by removal of soil one inch deep. In the United States the soil ero- sion specialists say that 100 million acres have been essentially destroy- ed for profitable farming, - another 125 million acres are serious- ly impaired and that another 100 million acres are threatened. And further they say that the annual money loss to land owners and the nation is not less than $400,000,000, that the annual rate has been in-” creasing and the cumulative loss put conservatively is already not less than 10 billion dollars. If the wast- age is not stopped in another 50 years the cumulative loss may reach the staggering figures of from 25 to 30 billion dollars. Conditions are similar in Western Canada to the United States, but on the northern side of the line the ravages have not been nearly so ex- treme. However, it is obvious from the experience of the United States that agriculture is in a perilous posi- tion in Western Canada and that drastic and immediate steps are necessary to prevent enormous losses and the degeneration of those engaged in the occupation of farm- ing. The chief hope lies in the in- crease of rainfall which records show is bound to come, but every effort should be made to standardize efficient cultural practices calculated to prevent wind erosion and to de- velop agriculture along systematic lines —The Budget. Hard To Transport South African Railways Do Not Like Carrying Giraffes Add to the many problems beset- that ~ Journal. | ting the railroads the one now fac- | ing the Kenya-Uganda Railway in Another Difference | South Africa. The bridges are not PATTERN 5402 Candlewicking or French knots in heavy cotton—either make a spread that will add charm to your bedroom. Candlewicking is very easy to do and lodks better with each tubbing. You'll have a spread that can be handed down as an heirloom for it will keep its beauty indefinitely. In pattern 5402 you will find a transfer pattern of a basket 15 x 20 inches; directions | and illustrations for doing candlewicking or French knots; material re- quirements. To obtain this pattern send 20 cents in stamps or coin (coin preferred) to Household Arts Dept., Winnipeg Newspaper Union, 175 McDermot Ave, pire Fauna. 2163 E, Winnipeg. There is no Alice Brooks pattern book published “The difference between the milk- man and the cow,” sneered the angry customer, “is that the cow gives milk.” “Ay,” retorted the milkman. “But another difference is that the cow} does not give credit.” Mary—‘‘Why do they keep lions at| the central telephone office?” | Teacher—‘Why do you ask such a| question, Mary?” | Mary—‘Well, when I call m daddy sometimes the central girl) says, “The lion is busy’.” | tO | A painting of Ramsay MacDonald, | former British Premier, which has been stowed away for five years as “unwanted”, has been sold for $125 at Sunderland, Eng. If a man is incompetent he usually charges it up to bad luck. | | high enough to allow giraffes to pass underneath. If the business of exporting big game to the zoos of the world is going to grow, it seems that the giraffes will have to walk to Mombasa. Recently six were crated and railed. The journey was uneventful until the train approached a bridge. The engineer moved for- ward foot by foot, but the giraffes’ necks were too long. Finally, the animals were unloaded, the crates were carried past the bridge and re- loaded on the next train. Turkey’s New Tax Law Women in Turkey between the ages of 18 and 60 will be forced to work as navyies on the roads for a week a year in future unless they pay six Turkish pounds, about $5.00, annually as exemption tax. Hitherto this tax has only been collected from men.