are . %

AND

“aarsQut “NEWS gs rr

; a view of the drought conditions
of 1934, issued under date of August
Ee: 5, 1934, by the Bureau of Agricul-|
_ tural Economics, United States De-
partment of Agriculture, Washing-
on, ‘affords an appreciable picture of
the 5 situation in various countries,
particularly in the United States,
from the unusual scarcity of
rainfall which has characterized the
summer of this year,
The drought has been widespread
iroughout the northern hemisphere.
Th affected areas fall within a belt
crossing Europe, Asia and North
_ America which is about as wide as
he distance from Northern Mexico
to Central Manitoba. Damage to
rops has been particularly heavy in
he United States, Canada and in
Central and Eastern Europe. In the
southern hemisphere, parts of Aus-
_ tralia and Argentina have been affect-
_ ed but to a less extent.
In the United States the main
lrought damage is in the shortage of
feed, forage and pasture, necessitat-
: ing heavy reduction in livestock num-
3 and reduced rations for the re-
“maining animals. Crop prospects de-
nearly 11 per cent. during July
os because of unfavourable growing ccr-
litions practically everywhere except
along the Atlantic Coast, in the
astern cotton belt and in the Pacific
‘thwest. The most serious loss was
ecline of about 24 per cent., or
00 190,000 bushels, in corn prospects
during this period and even the pro-
ction of corn fodder was seriously
educed. The grain sorghum produc-
tion will be less than 60 per cent. of
The continued drought and
ig over
# wide area largely aestroyed the
emergency forage crops planted,
yurned pastures, prevented any sec-
S growth on hay meadows and
_ stubble fields in many states and fur-
ther reduced supplies of water for
‘ . ‘The worst conditions em-
much of Missouri, Arkansas,

“Texas and the plains sections of New
Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming.
was a further deterioration of
nge conditions during July in most
3 ot the Western States for which
range conditions figures are obtained.

for
"this year only about 65 per cent. of
get oy amount of grain including
corn, oats, barley and grain sorg-
hums, and only about 68 per cent. of
the usual quantity of hay. Because
of short pastures a considerable
amount of the 1934 production of hay
_ had already been consimed by Aug-
ust 15th. Probably not more’ than
‘the usual amount of straw has
been stacked, but somewhat more
than the usual quantity may be f
For these reasons a rather drastic
_ adjustment in the number of live-
stock will have to be made before fall
and winter feeding begins.
a Bread grain crops in Central
Europe and the Danubian countries
"are substantially below the crops of
1932 and 1933. The same is true of
feed grains with the exception of
_ corn in the Danube basin, where a
substantial exportable surplus is ex-
pected. Excepting Northern France,
where wheat suffered from drought,
and England, where pastures were
seriously affected, most of the other
__ parts of Europe have escaped serious
damage. Detailed reports on crop
conditions in the Soviet Union are
not available but it appears that
_ European Russian experienced an un-
usually dry spring and smaller than
average crops are to be expected. In
_ China the reduction in the rice crop
because of drought is estimated to
be at least 20 per cent. The Man-
_ churian wheat crop is estimated at
30 per cent. below that of 1933 due
mainly to excessive rainfall and
floods during July, Several parts of
the southern hemisphere have report-
ed drought conditions in recent
months affecting wheat seeding in
areas of Argentine and Australia.
_ The acreage reduction in Argentina
_ due to drought may reach 350,000
acres or about 5 per cent., while in
Australia the total wheat acreage re-
duction of 2,000,000 acres or more
(around 15 to 20 per cent.) is in pros-
pect. The acreage reduction in Aus-
tralia is mot altogether due to
drought, but in part to a shift to
sheep and wool.
The following references to Cana-
dian crop production are from Cana-
' dian official sources and indicate the
i effect of the drought as experienced
in Canada.
The Dominion Bureau of Statistics,
> a bulletin issued September 11,

a oe OF Drought Candice
Affords Appreciable Picture Of

uation In Various Countries

estimates the total yield in bushels
as follows; Spring wheat, 270,282,000
bushels: Fall wheat, 7,022,000; Oats,
$44,746,000; Barley, 68,800,000; Rye,
6,523,000; Flaxseed, 1,096,000. Yields
per acre of all grains are below aver-
age but are slightly higher than the
revised estimates for last year.

The hay and clover crop is esti-
mated at 9,884,000 tons, the lowest on
record as compared with 11,433,000
tons in 1933 and an average yearly
production of more than 16,000,000
for the four years 1926-1930, The
fear was therefore well founded that
Canada might be faced with a hay
shortage, and the Order-in-Council of
August 24th was accordingly passed
requiring a license for all exports of
hay and straw. A subsequent survey
of hay supplies indicated some sur-

EP THE SAAR FREE

XN
Combining the forces they rep:
the Saar district against the wishes
munist leader, and Max Braun, head of the Socialist party in the Saar dis-

to

the o1
of Germany, Mr. Pfordt, left, Com-

plus in the Ottawa and St. L
Valleys and to a less extent in a few
other areas of Canada, but a short-
age in other areas which in many in-
stances is acute.

The Order-in-Council has had the
effect of directing attention to the
unusual shortage of supply, and the
requiring of a licence for export has
prompted those in needy areas to an-
ticipate their season's requirements,
with the result that there is now a
substantial movement of hay in Can-
ada from the surplus areas to the
‘areas of shortage,

trict, are at
pending Saar The

mutual plans for the

will whether the Saar

wishes to return to the custody of Germany or remain independent.

ken eae

French Liner Normandie Claimed To
Be Larger Than Cunarder
Keen rivalry between the giant
French liner Normandie, which will
go into service next spring, and
Queen Mary, launched at Clydebank,

Anotiiee Secret OF Vision

Vitamin A Now Proved An Import-
> ant Factor In Sight
Another of the secrets of vision,

showing how the eye manufactures

and uses vitan%in A to see, has been
ean by Dr. George Wald at the
Woods

already is

Cunard-White Star line claims that
the Queen Mary is the largest ship
in the world are hotly contested in
the French press, which declares the
Normandie not only {s longer, but
heavier.

The Normandie already has cost}
far more than the estimated $30,000,-
000, It is 1,029 feet long, while the
Queen Mary is 1,018. Much of the
sy centres on which ship

By Ruth Rogers

)
‘

SMART HATS GIVE NEW ZEST TO

EASILY MADE AT A SAVING

The pattern includes three differ-
ent hat models for your choice. It

FALL COSTUMES—AND THEY'RE

has the greater tonnage. The exact
figures still are unayailable, but the
French press gives the Normandie
between 76,000 and 79,000 tons with
the British ship given 72,000 tons.
Wide publication was given to many
articles comparing the ships.

Plant Disease Survey

Experiments Carried Out Result In
Decreased Loss From Smut

The Dominion-wide plant disease

survey carried out by the plant path-

ologists of the division of botany,

Dominion experimental farms, show-

ed that during 1933 damage due to

severe damage, was less than two
per cent. Smut, so often the cause
of lowering the grade of wheat, was
the cause of only 0.6 per cent. of
wheat being graded “smutty”, as
compared with 2.8 per cent. for the
corresponding period of 1930, one of
the worst years. This is undoubtedly
due to the campaign for the control
of this disease by seed treatment,
especially in Durum wheats. These
varieties graded 1.2 per cent. smutty
in 1932, whereas in 1930 the per-
centage of cars graded smutty was
16.6.

Attained Success

Among those returned in the Aus-
tralian elections was William Morris
Hughes. It was a notable tribute to
the popularity of a politician who,

i life as an

der, rose to be Australia’s war pre-|
mier and who to-day, at the age of
70, and as a political free lance, re-
mains one of the most arresting and
eloquent figures in the Empire.—Ot-
tawa Journal.

In Swedish peat bogs have been

also includes the gloves, the popular
slip-on cuffed type.

View A—Cleverly draped turban
that is stunning in black and metal
woolen, Sree gee novelty black
crepe ribbon,

View Be Beret distinguished by el
forward movement. It’s very jaunty
made of angora finished fabrics,
aoe skin, felt, velvet, etc.

w D is a popular brimmed hat,
excenonaile becoming. Paris is
making it in tweedy wool weaves, |
and in felt, and in velvet for more
formal wear.

small, medium and large.

For requirements see pattern en-
velope.

Price of pattern 20 cents in stamps
or coin (coin is preferred). Wrap
coin carefully.

How To Order Patterns

Address: Winnipeg Newspaper Unton,
175 McDermot Ave., Winn!peg

Pattern No...,...,,,, Size,

Name

W. Ni U. 2067

Style No. 895 is designed in sizes |

found @ woollen mitten from 100
| Bc. and a woollen cloak still more
=

wheat stem rust in the Red River}
valley, usually a territory exposed to|

a Mass.

The fact that vitamin A is im-
portant to human vision has been
known for many years. Its lack is
the cause of “night blindness,” a
fairly common trouble, particularly
during depressions. In spring fasts
‘in Russia entire villages have been
|stricken with night blindness. This
‘ailment sometimes precedes total
blindness.

Dr. Wald found the new chemical
and the vitamin A in the retina of
the eye.
analysis of visual purple,”

Both came from a chemical)
named |

Licences For Export
Of Hay And Straw

Regulations Designed To Protect
Interests Of The Producers
According to information reaching
the Dominion Department of Agri-
culture, there is connsiderable mis-
unnderstanding concerning the Order-
in-Council recently issued whereby no

straw without a licence,
A highly speculative condition de-
veloped in Canada among hay buyers

of buyers elsewhere, due to the con-
ditions that have Affected large
areas in Canada and the United
States, and to the fact that the hay
crop in the Dominion is this year
considerably below normal. It was
believed that the speculative condi-
tion was not in the best interests of

v producers in those areas where
there is a surplus supply of hay.

In applying this Order-in-Council,
which went into effect on August
24th, all commitments of hay to any
country that had been made prior to
the passing of the Order-in-Council
coming into effect were given lic-
ences for export. These licences were
also issued to exporters in respect of
hay sold for delivery to all of Can-
ada’s normal markets of recent years,
such as the British West Indies,
Newfoundland and the British Isles.

Since 1930 when a duty of $5 per
ton was imposed on hay imported
into the United States, very little hay
has been exported from Canada and
licences for the export of hay to that
country were temporarily withheld
after August 25th last, the day fol-
lowing the proclamation of the
Order-in-Council referred to, pend-
ing a quick survey of the hay situa-
|tion throughout Canada. The in-
| i on

from from its color, a
secreted in the retina, at the site of
the nerve endings which carry vision
to the brain.

Visual purple also has long been
known. Likewise the fact that un-
der light, or when used for seeing,
it bleaches colorless. During dark-
ness it returns to the purple form

gain.

Watching this cycle, Dr. Wald
discovered that when the purple
turned white, a slightly yellow sub-
| stance split off from it. This yellow
stuff proved to be the hitherto un-
| known chemical. It is closely related
to carotene, the yellow pigment in
corn, carrots and other food.

In the change back into visual
purple some of the vitamin A dis-
appeared. This was proof that it had
been used up in the act of seeing.

A New Air Air Barrage

Tests With Invisible Smoke Have|
Been Very Successful

Three nations are experimenting
with an invisible smoke which can
stall airplane engines and be hung in
the sky as a barrage against in-
vaders. The system has been so far)
perfected that during recent trials a
whole squadron of aircraft was forc-
ed to land through engine failure.

11th last indicated a surplus in the
Ottawa and St. Lawrence Valleys,
and to a lesser extent in a few other
areas in the Dominion.

All applications for licences to ex-
port hay to the United States that
had been held up between August
27th and September 11th were
promptly issued, permitting hay to
go forward. A more complete survey
of the hay situation in Canada may
not be available for some time. In
the meantime, licences will be issued
to exporters for definite firm orders
in hand from any part of Canada
east of the province of Manitoba, and
also from British Columbia. In the
province of Manitoba the issue of
licences for export of hay is restrict-
ed to areas within the province and
to maximum quantities prescribed
by the provincial Minister of Agricul-
ture acting through the Re-

eee Re PS

person in Canada shall export hay or|

on their own account and on account!

Scientists Discover New Method
Of Growing Crops Which

_ May Revolutionize Agriculture

On the Suffolk, England, farm of
Michael Farraday, grandson of the
, Sreat electrician, scientists have wit-
| nessed the first practical results of
| seventeen years’ research into a new
method of growing crops which may
entirely revolutionize agriculture.

Here, by a special process dis-
covered in Germany by Dr. Paul
Spangenberg of Lubeck, crops of
maize and barley are grown in 10
days, not in the ground, but in chem-
ically treated trays arranged in tiers
inside metal cabinets. These crops
are being used daily to feed cattle
and pigs on the farm and the ani-
mals are in better condition than
jatira fed with ordinary outdoor
fodder.

Farmers at the recent Ipswich
Agricultural Show were amazed at
this new invention. Already a com-
pany has been formed to manufac-
ture the equipment and supply the
necessary chemical elements. The
name of the company is British Cul-
tivations, Ltd, and the process has
been fully patented under the name
of “Kwick Grow.”

Dr. Spangenberg made his dis-
covery by analyzing the most fertile
soil he could find and duplicating its
nutrient content in a chemical solu-
tion. This solution is fed to the seed.
Only small quantities of water are
required and no earth is used. The
seed germinated by this process are
said to produce five times the volume
of seed planted in the ground.

Each cabinet in which the seeds are
placed is divided into 10 sections, one
for each day's growth, and each sec-
tion contains eight trays. As each
day's crop is “harvested,” more seed
is immediately put into the trays to
produce another” crop in 10 days.
Thus, the farmer has a fresh crop,
approximating the finest June pastur-
age, every day in the year. .

Orders are being received for cabi-
nets from farms in all parts of Eng-
land, including one farmer who is a
tenant of the King at Sandringham.
In Germany the government has
ordered them in large quantities to
be used in concentration camps.

With the growing of crops for
feeding animals successfully achieved,

are now
‘futher with growing vegetables. This
process is still in the experimental
| Stage, but the men working at it
| have in mind the ultimate production
|of smaller cabinets which could be
| kept in homes—in the kitchen, like
| an ice-box—to supply the family with
fresh green produce all the year
Vrauud. The growing of fresh vege-
tables is expected to require some-
what more time than fodder.crops._
| F. H. Hedinger, a naturalized
American, who is a director of the
has been in

fas Commission. It is expected that

similar arrangements will be made
for the provinces of Saskatchewan
and Alberta.

In the working out of the federal
regulations for the export of hay and
straw it is felt that the interests of
| Producers should be safeguarded in
| as far as may be pombe

New Process For Nickel

No clue is given to the composition |
of this invisible smoke except that it|7*Panese Can Now Obtain. Metal

consists of solid particles which are| Direct From The Ore

with the American Embassy in Lon-
don and authorities in the United
States, offering a demonstration of
the process as a means of alleviating
the fodder crisis caused by the
drought.

Drought Resistant Grasses

. Delegation Hopes To Find Some
In Gobi Desert 7
Drought and the probability of
drought loom so large in the minds
of the United States Department of

drawn into the motor through the; A new process for obtaining nickel
carburetor and upset its functioning. |direct from the ore is reported to
‘These particles, it is said, are fired) have been discovered by the labor-|
into the air from ground artillery or) Story of the Showa Industrial Com-|
can be distributed from another air-|Pany of Japan, as the result of re-
craft. | search extending over three years. |
|The process is said to produce 99.98|

A total of 45,000,000 gallons of| Per cent. pure nickel. |
water was used in Kew Gardens,| Production by this process will be
England eiastisunsier: | started early next year by the Japan|
| Electric Industry Co., to which the|

| process will be transferred by the}
| Showa Industrial Company, accord-|
fing to reports. The former company
is expected to increase its capital

| from 12,000,000 yen to 24,000,000 yen|

A New York East Side pants-
maker, who has become quite a figure |

the movie-producing world, was re-|
cently selecting a chief for his scen-
Jario staff. he producer insisted
| that the successful applicant must be
a college graduate. He looked with|
favor upon one applicant, and asked |
if he had a college education. He re-|
ceived an affirmative reply. |
demanded

|
| Had To Have Proof
|

“But this isn't the car we came down in.’
“No, it’s too risky to go back in that one.”

"Show your diplomas
the producer. The applicant tried to
explain that it was not customary
for college graduates to carry

around with them. |
“Here we are, kid. Hop in quickly.” “Well, then,” defhanded the pro-

ducer, with just a slight sneer, “'sa
me a big woid.” |

—The Humorist, London,

| to the year 298 A.D,

| Agriculture that they are sending

men to central Asia to make a search
| for drought resistant grasses.

In the Gobi desert is a vast area
of pasture land where the summer
temperature frequently rises above
100 degrees and where winter tem-
peratures often drop under 40 de-
| grees below zero. ‘This area has a
rainfall of less than 16 inches an-
nually, thus resembling the great
| plains states area with respect to
rainfall and temperature.

It is hoped that some drought re-
sistant grasses will be found that can
be utilized to advantage in the drier

| to enable it to handle the business! sections of this country. Prof.
| effectively and to erect plants at} Nicholas Roerich has been selected
Yokohama and Chirigishim to head this expedition into Asia

Ships And Men
There is too much truth in the old
salt's scornful comment that the age
of wooden ships produced iron men,
whereas iron ships have produced
if not wooden men, at least men little
versed in the ways of the sea. Sail-
ors are still needed even on our float-
ing hotels, as the record of recent dis-
asters shows all too plainly.

It is estimated that nearly one per-
son in three in the United States over
40 years of age is suffering from
some chronic disease,

British records of drought go back
when there was
a drought in Wales