e Changes In Our resent Economic System Possible change in the present economic system of government was stressed by Robert Gardiner in his comes are more than is necessary to meet reasonable requirement: Apparent harm would be done. presidential ddress to the annual, ‘The president urged that there be convention of the United Farmers of /no further f'ienation of the natural Alberta, Mr, Gardiner, U.F.A, mem-! re sources of Alberta to private inter- ber in the House of Commons for! ests, but that they be developed, un- der public ownership, for the benefit of the present and future generations, Wood retired last year after 10 | He referred to the serious situation rs as head of the organization. | of the transportation systems in the In his first presidential address Mr. |Dominion, but added that comment Gardiner declared that if the present | on this matter would be unwise until economic system “has not reached its|the report of the royal commission full maturity, the present depression |at present investigating the matter will pass, but if it has, fundamental | was made available. changes in the social system are im- | Acadia, succeeded Henry Wise Wood As president of the farmer body when Stressed By Robert Gardiner." | ‘The farmer's predicament was seri- pending.’ Social change he believed } ous, Even where crops were excellent : Libraries ik Canale Largest Library In Canada Is At McGill University “Of making many books there is wrote Solomon in 977 B.C. His statement is now more true to- | |day, taking the statistical survey of| | Canadian Nbraries as a criterion. ‘This | {survey has just been issued by the | | Canadian Government Bureau of sta-| | tistics. It deals with 1,110 Canad’an | [libraries of which 640 are free public | and association Ifbraries, 183 univer- | | ity, college and normal school librar- | es and those of other educational in- | By Annette i stitutions; 59 government libraries | | both Dominion and Provincial; 59 }commercial and technical libraries; 219 other libraries, which include the |parish libraries of the Province of | | Quebec, and such institutions as the Y.M.G.A. and Y.W.C.A. ‘The 1,110 libraries dealt with in the survey have on their shelves a total of 9,428,858 volumes, pamphlets, etc., inevitable. |of which the free public and associa- | jthe return barely covered the costs I do not believe that the changes when they come, will inevitably be in the interests of the masses of man- kind,” he told the 500 delegates from the various parts of Alberta. “The elements which dominate the existing} son with the prices received by the system will undoubtedly endeavor to | farmer for the products of his labor,” guide the processes by which the suc- ceeding system may be established. Those elements are to be found out- side our parliamentary institutions; for in the light of recent history it is becoming increasingly apparent that political governments occupy but &@ secondary place in the scheme of things.” The president declared that gov- ernments apparently chose “to abdi- cate before the threat of irresp of production, leaving little or noth- ing to meet other liabilities. “The pric. of the goods, and services which the farmer must purchase have | been only slightly reduced in compari- | Mr. Gardiner declared. Rates on banks and mortgage loans and other farm indebtedness remain as high as form- erly. “Even if commodity prices other than farm products were reduced to & parity with the present prices of Agricultural commodities, it would still be impossible for the farmers to meet in full Mabilities contracted during a period of high prices,” he elements rather than to rally the peo- ple behind them, as they might, by a bold effort to free industry from its trammels.” He said the “real strug- gle” was carried on by “realists” who dealt “in hard facts—money, credit, the whole y of “The of the co- operative principle, however, was never more widely recognized than today.” He urged the farmers to con- tinue strengthening of the co-opera- tive institutions. and industry, and the manner of its control.” “Some of the most influential of these people are obsessed by the will to power, by the ambition to achieve complete control of the social sys- tem. If they do succeed in maintain- ing control of the processes in the not distant future the ushering in, in its most perfect form, of the servile State, the establishment, beneath, it may be, the guises of benevolence, of a tyranny such as the world has not yet known.” Mr. Gardiner, however, believed that if “mass intelligence” was de- veloped and organized in such a man- ner that it controlled and guided the processes of change, “we can confi- dently look forward to an age of plenty, to an era in world history, brighter, perkaps, than ariy which the human mind has yet conceived.” He pleaded for intelligent under- standing and’ organization which he declared necessary, “if we choose to take the path to a better social order.” Development in the strength of the local, “the bas's of our organ- ization,” was stressed by the presi- dent as essential to success of “a co- operative commonwealth.” Unemployment and the gold stand- ard were referred to by the farm leader. He believed that if the inven- tive genius of the ‘present generation Was permitted full play it would re- Mi ge ara of~ and provide the people with an abun- dance of leisure for self-development, but it was increasingly manifest that this could not occur under the present economic order. Depreciation of the Canadian dollar, he continued, made it doubtful whether a single commod- ity such as gold could be successfully used under all conditions as a basis for the issue of currency and credit. In reference to reparations, the president pointed out the tendency to blame this result of the war for the breakdown, but he maintained that if this problem had been non-existent the defects in the preesnt e Mahogany Introduced By English Explorer Sir Walter Raleigh First To Take Wood To England The day when mahogany will lose its place as the most popular wood in piano making is probably far distant. It was one of the new products brought into the world through the discovery of America, Sir Walter Ra- leigh, the English explorer and schol- ar, has several great achievements to his credit, and among them is the in- of He ident. tion ibraries have 4,081,013; uhiver- | | sity, college, and normal school librar- | ies, 2,898,587; government libraries, | 1,782,667; business and technical | libraries, 464,885, and others, 201,706. | The reported circulation for the per- | lod under review was 16,791,734. The largest library in Canada is that at McGill University with 411,- 000 volumes, with the Library of the Parliament of Canada, in Ottawa, second, with 400,000. The University of Toronto has $50,000. All the Cana- dian universities have substantial volumes are in the Ontario Legisla- tive Library at Toronto. Among the law libraries the largest is that of the Law Society of Upper Canada with 70,000 yolumes; the Ad- vocates' Library in Montreal has 40,- 000. Toronto also claims the largest business and technical library — the | Royal Canadian Institute, with 30,000 | books. The second largest is the| New Brunswick Provincial Museum at St. John with 25,090. A total of more than 407,000 books are in the publit libraries in Montreal and over 336,000 in similar institutions in Tor- onto, The Oftawa Public libraries are stocked with 136,000 volumes. The oldest public library in Canada is at Boucherville, Quebec, a village with a population of 904. It has a library of 1,400 volumes. Bacon Type Hog A New Policy Inaugurated By Goy- To t ally learned of the of this wood while in the West Indies on one of his voyages. He used mahogany boards to repair his ship, A new policy to stimulate the pro- duction of the bacon type hog, which and when he arrived in England, Queen Elizabeth, who was no slouch When it came to brains, admired the wood, so Sir Walter had the mahog- any planks removed from the ships and made into a table for the Queen. At the palace the new wood was seen and admired, and thus came about the vogue of mahogany. We hope Sir Walter “got his” out of this clever stroke. Many of the great British cabinet makers, such as Chip- pendale, Sheraton and Hepplewhite, worked almost exclusively in ma- hogany, thus adding to its vogue, and certainly no one can assert that they made an ill cho'ce. Walnut may be, as many claim, a more beautiful wood but it does not appear to have gained tained by mahogany certainly not in the’p RY > which mahogany represents, it is said, the great bulk of the veneer Pproduc- tion. Apples and Oranges Amusing Story Regarding Competi- tion Between Fruit Growers Competition between rival fruit- growers of California and Oregon leads to curious attempts at all kinds of publicity. In their eagerness to miss no opportunity for attracting at- tentio; to themselves and suppressing their the economic system would sooner or lat- er have produced a similar financial & ers did not overlook the ‘approach of crisis which prevails at present. The chief threat to the peace of the world lies in intensified commercial compe- tition. between nations and only when | it is recognized that underlying econo- mic causes make war inevitable will | peace appear. For governments to balance bud-_ gets under prevailing conditions it} was necessary to decrease expendi- | tures or increase taxation. ‘To in-| crease, however, the taxes of those | whose income is below or only at pres- | ent on a bare subsistence level would °Ut the author's name and address | high pay. And many of them, of | “The Apple Cart” to the California theatres. The director of the play received a call from a delegation of orange- growers, who requested him to change the name to “The Orange Box” while it played in their State. He was first bewildered, then amused, and finally insisted that he could not change the name, and didn't see that it advertised the Oregon apple any- how. The orange-growers refused to ac- a in both the domestic and export market, was an- nounced by Hon. Robert Weir, Min- ister of Agriculture. It will make available to breeders throughout the Dominion suitable bacon type boars, and provides for a bonus to farmer- clubs purchasing animals under the new plan, The statement reads: “Under the terms of the policy the Federal Department is to purchase boars of suitable bacon type at cost for farmer's clubs, and to pay trans- portation charges to point of deliy- ery. Provision is also made for the payment of bonuses of $20 where an advanced registry boar is used, and $15 where an approved boar is used, on production of a service record. “To secure the benefits of the new Policy at least 10 farmers in a com- itwcm=Ine nt 2 mmunityaag icine Teast bere sow each, must form a club, each member contributing pro rata his share of the purchase price of the boar supplied, Bonus may be cla’med only for such boars as are purchased or approved under the terms of the bacon type boar policy. “Payment of the bonuses provided under the terms of the policy is to be made jointly by the Dominion and provincial governments.” Postmen Not Overpaid Maximum Salary For Mail Carrier Twenty-Elght Dollars Weekly It is apparently fairly definite that the Canadian Government will make salary reductions in the Civil Service this year as part of its economy pro- gram—a step to which it is practic- ally forced by the state of the treas- ury, It is to be hoped, however, that the mail carriers, who have been underpaid for many years will not be affected. After years of service a mail carrier, when he attains the maximum salary, receives $28 per cept no for an answer, They found week which can hardly be considered PTaOUTea te SO625 bees with 20,62 be to increase present hardship.” he and cabled him at some length their | Course draw lesa than this. added. “If, however, increased tax- ation were confined to those who have the ability to pay, those whose in- request. Not until they received Mr. | Shaw's one-word cable—easily gues ed—in reply did they give up their ef- | forts Activity In Northern Canada The past ten years have seen much Willing To Exchange | An illusionist put a woman into a box from which there was no appar- | ent outlet, and shut the lid. When he opened it again there was nothing inside but a couple of rabbits. | | | WA A NEW FRENCH BLOUSE TYPE THAT BUTTONS DOWN THE BACK This little tuck-in model will add much interest to your wardrobe. It is exceedingly gay in Persian green) Woollen with matching green bone Ubraries each coutaining several) Button tem. 9 | a . 50,000 sn’ ie tab-trimme: neckline SRE FOE = AOL Gg 250, 0001 See A aL alge (deme vaca eR ESA on the flared back cuffs. It's just as snappy a blouse as youd wish for and so inexpensive. Style No. 825 is designed in sizes 14, 16, 18, 20 years, 36 and 38 inches bust. Size 16 requires 114 yards 39- inch. Crepe de chine is equally suited to this model. A vivid red, navy blue or Spanish tile shade is excellent | choice with self-fabric ball shaped buttons. Then again, perhaps you prefer one of the soit crepe satins in eggshell, Lyonnaise-pink or French guinee shade. Price of pattern 25 cents in stamps or coin (coin is preferred). Wrap coin carefully. How To Order Patterns Address: Winnipeg Newspaper Union 175 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg Patter NOwseseseers BiZ@..00, eee tmnt tees me tome sepa NGMO peccescmeseseremerssseeseens ene N Cements esteem smerseeemes TOWD parece essseemsosecsemermres An Interesting Study Thousands Of Bees Found To Be Worl:ing In Full Force Colony One of the most interesting of the studies in apiculture carried out un- der the direction of C. B. Gooderham, Dominion Apiarist, relates to the number of “fielders” or bees in a col- ony in the field at work gathering honey and nectar during the period of a heavy flow. On the basis of 5,000 bees to a pound it has been de termined by recording the weights of colonies resting on weighing trucks. that as many as twenty to twenty- five thousand bees from one colony are working in the field at the time. In one case the total hive force was in the field, leaving a hive force of 35,000. In another case where the total colony numbered 56,250 it was found that 27,187 were flying abroad with a reserve hive force of 29,063. Gangrene from exposure to cold occurs more often in the temperate zone than in the Arctic regions. In a one-day street collection in Glasgow, Scotland, $21,830 was raised for ex-soldiers. | ber 26, 1931, an increase of 105,633 TA wealthy sctfay ge Citizen 4e Most Objection: | Me rics One Of Them | | | fo, unlike any other Invention, brings the voices of the world unin: vited right into our fireside. T say uninvited because no one ever tuned in an advertising talk—-they tuned fn on the music, which soon dbgencr- | ated into a driveling so-called adver- | Usir > effusion. | I am Mr. Average Citizen, liking average things, speaking and pro-| nounciny the King’s English and | struggling hard against the radio to raise my two children to be and do} likewise. But whom does radio pro- ject uninvited into my fireside group Jand sit down at my dining room | the people of the United table? You know—impossible neg: roes, mis-pronouncing crossroad gos: | sips, gross barkers for household | equipment, moaning so-called tenors | and silly salesfolk for shoes, ete., who | talk feet, feet, feet, as I try to eat. | No such people as these ever dark- | en my threshold radio, and in the name of advertis- ing, if you please, enables them to crash in uninvited into my privacy, | into my home—‘my castle." Radio advertising is making us mad and telling us of the impolite gate-crash- ing products not to buy. Give us national broadcasting free of advertising as the ideal, but if not, confine the advertising to the men- tion of the sponsor's name only, and that mention in the King’s English.— Letter in Toronto Mail and Empire. | in the flesh, yet Butterfat Record Creameries In Alberta Show Increase For December Creameries in Alberta received 840,945 pounds of butterfat in cream daring the four weeks ending Decem- pounds, or 14.4 per cent. over the re- | ———— Despite Mournful Predictions, Social Economist Says That England Still Leads The World Costly To Canadians ailed By Many Short Pald Letters Matted M3 Firms are hear Numerous complaints are Be from citizens who have to pay a cents or more “postage due ae i y » letters received bj majority of the bee them from the United States, ; wholesale ignorance on the part © States abou ostal rates to Canada. The Weil ge to Canada on 4 letter mailed y the United States is three cents. This has been published repeatedly, yet tae average American continues placing two-cent stamps on the letters he | A world-wide economic conference within the next 12 months, at Sea representatives from all countries i the world would gather to thresh ow! | the whole question of tariffs, was bie , prediction. made by Dr. J- Wesley Bready, social economist and child welfare authority, of Toronto. Dr. Bready was addressing a joint lunch con meeting of the Rotary and Cana- dian clubs in Moose Jaw. Referring to England's recent swing to high tariff after 85 years of free ‘rade, Dr, Bready stated that Britain had receded from her posi- fon as the outstanding exponent of ree trade for “purposes of practical United States Be and ney.” the resultsthat | ©-Demaray Canada, with sends to Gant Pata France by thelr tariff stand had made trade with England almost impossi- the reciplents have to pay additional for each letter. ditional postage does not g° Dominion postal department, This ad- to the but to art- \ble, and now England was “giving \them a dose of thelr own medicine.” “International commerce can't be the United States postoffice dep conducted on a One-way street” was ment. Each letter that is sent from | ig eS cS the United States, carrying insuffi- | Dr. Bready belleved a RprIa. 6c0 cient postage, is checked by the Unit-) |. conierence such as he had in ed States postal authorities and (le | mind would mark the beginn.ng of a ada has to compensate the United | wing to greater free trade among States in the amount of postage due. | 11, nations and the tearing down of The question has been raised 95/1, super-exalted trade barriers. to why letters that carry the name®) (+ iitoq States and Prance were now and addresses of the senders are no) | beginning to realize that nations, returned for additional postage rath- leyen as individuals could not live e> than being sent on to the Persons | to themsel , he said. to whom the letters are addressed. | ane a A raielada (eras Many of the letters that are pais the topic upon which Dr. Bready “postage due’ are simply circw/ar| 1.04 nis address, and during his re- mail carrying advertising matter) 114s ne told of personal observa- that has been unsolicited and is not |i). cade during hig 0lyears of S0- desired by the persons to whom it is (ial research work {in England. addressed, yet they must pay tWO/pritain's day of glory was far from cents for each letter delivered. | being past, he said, in sp.te of the ceipts for D 1930, dis 8 | to an announcement from the Alber- | ta Department of Agriculture. | Receipts of butterfat for the 52 weeks of 1931 amounted to 19,150,372 Ibs., compared with 15,187,266 Ibs. for the year 1930, an increase of 3,963,- 106 lbs., or 26.1 per cent. It is inter- esting to note that the increase for the year 1931 over 1930 in the north- ern section of the province was 29.9 per cent.; in the central portion 33.2) per cent.; and in the southern portion | 12.0 per cent. The butterfat receipts for 1931 constitute a record for the province. Has Enjoyed Record Weather Aklayvik Had Second Highest Tem- perature Last Week In November The residents of Aklavik on the Arctic Coast may well “pat them- sélves on the back’ as for once in| many a long year they had the dis-| | tinction recently of recording the} second highest or warmest tempera- | preparing for peace."”—Ottawa Jour- ture in thé Dominion of Canada. | After having been kown as Akla- vik in the frozen Arctic wastes for so Jong, it was with no small degree of pride that the inhabitants could point to a temperature of 42 degrees above zero the last week in Novem- ber. Only one other point in Can- ada recorded a warmer temperature on that date, while from the Rock- ies to the Atlantic, freezing tempera- tures prevailed. Wanted To Know Why eed just en Eve her gaged a new maid and was instruct- ing her in the duties of waiting on the table. “At dinner, Mary,” she explained, “you must remember always to serve from the left and take the plates from the right. Is that clear?” “Yes, ma’am,” answered the girl, condescendingly. “What's the mat- ter, superstitious or something?” Norway claims to be the greatest producer of cod-liver oil in the world. HER EXCELLENCY, THE COUNTESS OF BESSBOROUGH activity in Northern Canada accord- | Arctic Canada w: for many years |he Recently, mineralized areas and rein- deer pastures have been investigated with most encouraging results and, | ist. while no new industry has as reached the stage of production, the reconnaissances already foreshadow industrial developments in | me the North which give every promise | him of profit. the "I have been engaged to him for two years. Isn't it time I married Bim? I don't know. If you really love him, !et him be happy as Jong as pos- aivle.’—Hummel, Hamburg. Four to five tons of ashes per min- | of ute can be removed from power-| hot, house pits by an hydraulic jet and sent in a stream to a suitable place| TI at a distance. W. N. U, 1927 (eque “Why, yes,” After the performance a Scotsman ing to the Department of the Interior. | went to the illusionist and asked if could perform the same trick if given over entirely to the fur trade. | his (Scotsman's) wife was to get into | box. answered the illusien- “But are you anxious to get rid yet |of your wife?” Weel,” answered the Scot, “it’s completed | 00 sae much that, but wee Wullie got tac promise him twa rabbits for his birthday!” for A doctor says there are three ways | taking the early morning bath cold, and for granted. he area of Montana are miles: | | | the Second Session of Parliament on is 146,997 Room on the following day. This is a re; [legey’s latest portraits. | mournful predictions which were be- |ing made for her from many sources. | England, following the war, was an Last Ten Years Shows Great Increase | exhausted nation, said the speaker, By United States | but in spite of her tremendous sacri- In 1913 the United States had 4 fice of men and money she was still fleet of 963,000 tons, Great Britain a {leading the way in the councils of the fleet of 2,222,000 tons. Today the! world, If England was so lacking in United States has a fleet of 1,173,000 | spirit and initiative, ast was claim- tons and spends $382,000,000 a year | ed by her “professional mourners, on it, whereas Great Britain has ait was to be wondered at that at the fleet of 1,378,000 tons, costing $271,-| present time she held all the world 000,000 year. In other words, the | speed records on land, sea and air. United States is spending 187 per “And these records were all won cent. more yearly on naval cost, /in British machines conceived and nearly three times as much as she | made by British minds,” he remark- did in 1913, whereas Britain is spend-| ed. ing but 10 per cent. more. Combin- ing army and navy and air defence cost, the United States last year spent $842,000,000, the British Em- pire but $560,000,000. “While other nations have felt that they were! Spends Millions On Fleet England's ships were still carry- ing the largest imports and exports of any country in the world and in spite of the concentrated attacks from New York, she was still the centre of world finance. Brit.sa trade- ltorced to prepare for war,” declared | marks still stood for honesty and in- President Coolidge in a Memorial Day address, ‘‘we have always been tegrity, and Britain’s word today was | “still as good as her bond,” said the | speaker vehemently. Referring to criticisms levelled at Britain’s monarchical system of gov- ernment by leading economists of the United States, Dr. Bready pointed out that the States had derived the idea of their own constitution from Nova Scotians are going to eat the England they were criticizing. more fish to aid one of their most im-|©ngland might have a monarchica! portant industries. And they are go- | system of government, but she was a ing to like it, because a campaign | true republican in the sense that she opened recently in the province will | S@Ve equal opportunity to all to rise put before public hundreds of recipes |‘ the highest positions, and the for preparing the sea food in differ- greatest statesmen in her h story had ent and attractive forma come from the humblest ranks. thn fap sue! i The speaker was of the opinion eesathy oo i ed Sa eee a criticize, it seen in the report of the eastern = eries division for December, 1931, which shows that the total quantity of all fish landed in Nova Scotia was 8,124,900 pounds, compared with 12,- 161,600 pounds landed in the same period in 1930. nal. Encourage Native Industry Nova Scotians Put On ‘Provincial Campaign To Help Fishermen would appear States the great who rose to high polit to have either a stron\. or be millionaires firs In closing, reicrence the question of reparat! was pointed out that as 1922 England had been prep: the world’s good, to wipe the sla) clean of all war debts. It was only now, however, that economists of the United States and France were be- ginning to wake up to the fact that post-war indebtedness had been the the Chicago Dental Society, peemary and devastating cause of the iver chbtiaiiia eatin stintially*6e- | present economic chaos throughout curred in this country from cancer of | oe the mouth, jaws and lips, he estimat- i ed, adding that a large number could be prevented by keeping the mouth| 1 healthy. | travellers and a staid, Pompous old Cancer of the lip might occir in |S¢MUeman, Various and unsuccess- young persons, he said, and {t na | ful efforts were made to draw him in- 19 times more common ‘in the lower |*® Conversation. At length one said, Up than the upper and in men 14| “Come, sir, I know you are one f times more often than women, jus! Tell us what you are travelling | in, “Young man,” answered ine | Pompous man, glaring at his inter- the creation of a de. | !ocutor, “I am travelling in very ob- Warns Against Bitng Lips Practice Often Starts Cancer Claims Minneapolis Doctor Warning against biting the lips, which, especially in men, might cause cancer was given by Dr. Carl w, Waldron of Minneapolis in address- ee Plenty Of Samples a railway carriage were several) ——————_ Home Commerce Possibility of partment of disappeared a short tim, er owners in a badly at Calgary. The new division would be affiliated with and part of the feq- eral department of trade ang com- merce. Dog Liked Old Home Given to a trapper in Smooth Lake area, 100 miles nor River, last fall, Gerta, a Stone th of Big Police dog, © ago and turned up at the home for her form- the Openin, of | February Pee Production from one of Her Excel. dition after having travel] 2 i 4 d in biting cold weather, | Who accompanied the Governor-General of Canada at 4th, and to the Drawing |is how the Chinese P | other commences, emaciated con. led 200 miles And another thing to wonder about domestic distribution | J¢ctlonable and ingul. with administration of home ae and'the carriage i ul et sampler merce throughout the Dominion was Ge frentioned by A. C. MacKay, seere-| There ia nothing .more desir tary of the Retail Merchants’ Agso.|than a cook who ean cook. te. ciation of Alberta, in addressing the | — Bey ' : annual convention of the Association | : “Have you slept well?” “T didn't sleep at all, doctor.” “But didn’t you take bowder TI gave you?" “Yes, but when I t the sleeping hought that a ; Cople know just | little bit of 7 where and when one War ends and an- | maucks I ccna nae: "at. pvis sleep for ¢ f i