imes | fl A istory Can heer up” cry, with reasons for It, which are as applicable today as when they were written, appears in article by Macaulay, contributed “The Edinburgh Review" of Jan- ‘uary, 1880. He points out that in al- nost every part of the annals of man- kind, the industry of individuals, struggling up against wars, taxes, head If E Be Relied Upon Saskatchewan Tribes Not Affected By Ties om n | ver Lox Xperience Of a Indians Are Prosperous Present Hard Times Conditions of depression are not af- fecting the Saskatchewan Indian as they are affecting the taxpayer, ac- cording to W. M. Graham, Indian | for mines, ons, | srohibitions, creates faster than goy-| ments can squander, and repairs hatever invaders can destroy. The time in which the historian ‘wrote was admittedly one of great tress, and he adds: “If we were prophesy that in the year 1930 a pulation of 50,000,000, better fed, lad and” lodged than the °English of our time, will cover these islands —that cultivation, rich as that of a flower garden, will be carried up to the very tops of Ben ..evis and Ivell: that 3 ly ed on principles yet undiscovered, iV be in every house — that there _ will be no highways but railroads, ‘no travelling but by Steam—that our _ debt, vast as it seems to us, will ap- a brief con-| ference with Indian Affairs, The federal minister discussed gen- eral matters of the department brief- ly with the Saskatchewan commis- sioner, The Indians, Mr. Graham indi- cated, were not as badly off this year as in other years. Commenting on conditions of destitution which were rumored in eastern Canada he point- ed out that the Indians did not pay taxes, that they grew grain for their own use, cattle for their own use, and secured food through hunting. An Unusual Experiment ‘pear to our great grand-children a trifling encumbrance, which might easily be paid off in a year or two many people would think us in- sane.” Such a prophecy, if made, would haye come remarkably close to the mark. The population of the _ British Isles is a little less than 50.- ~ 000,000, but the people are ugdoubt- edly better fed, clad, and lodged than they were a century ago, and the “debt of those days would be con- sidered a trifle now. But the historian wisely dis- _ claimed any intention to prophesy, and made his appeal to the general principles of history. To almost all men, he says, the state of things in which they have been used to live) seems to be the necessary state of | things, and though, in every age,| everybody knows that up to his time progressive improvement has been taking place, hobody seems _ to reckon on any improvement during the next generation. It cannot be absolutely proved that those are in error who say that society has reach- ed the turning point; that the best days have been seen; but so said all who came before us with just as much apparent reason. “On what principle is it that if we see nothing but improvement behind us, we are to expect nothing but deterioration before us?’ Macaulay declares that rulers will best promote the im- provement of the people by strictly confining themselves to their own legitimate duties by leaving capital to find its most lucrative course, commodities their fair price, indus- try and intelligence their natural reward, illness and folly their na- tural punishment, by maintaining peace, by defending property, by diminishing the price of law and by observing strict economy in every department of the state. “Let the government do this, the people will assuredly do the rest.’”” The situation today is not new. The world has periodically contended with similar or worse conditions and has emerged more progressive and prosperous than before. Macaulay's appeal to the history of mankind supplies reasons for confidence in the future.—Toronto Mail and Empire. i A New Definition Scotch Minister Upsets Idea Of What “Calgary” Means The friendly controversy which for years has raged over the name of the city of Calgary is expected to break out afresh with the arrival from Scotland of a new Gaelic definition of the word “Calgary.” For years it has been generally accepted that the Cal- gary meant “clear running water,” Now comes word from Rey. Archi- bald Scott, D.D., of Helmsdale, Suth- erland, Scotland, that the real defini- tion is “Hut in the Thicket” or “Den of the Rough.’—Calgary Herald. Mecting Of Teachers’ Association T. C. McKay, of Warman, Sask., was elected president of the Saska- Belleves Sheep Skins Could Grow Wool Forever Woollen and Worsted which may lead to unlimited quanti- | ties of wool being grown on the | skins of sheep that have been Killed. | “There seems to be no reason why these skin and hair cells should not be made to live indefinitely,” said an official of the Research Associa- tion. “One day perhaps the skins of sheep may be stretched on frames, bathed in suitable solutions, and used as chemically maintained wool fac- tories years after the sheep js dead and sold as mutton.” Winnipeg Newspaper Union | (By Annette) jindicated by the fact that through {the simple process of crate feeding and properly finishing poultry for |market from 50 to 75 cents in mar- jare range fed with more THE COWL NECKLINE TERMIN- ATES IN SCARE Here's a marvellous dress Autumn for town wear. And best 0! all, it’s a stunning dress for later that will easily slip under a Winter at. for The curved seaming reduces any bulk about the hips. toon Inspectorate Teachers’ Associa- tion at the conéluding session. A reso- lution asked that the Teachers’ Su- perannuation Act,, 1930, be amended to make proyision- for duly qualified teachers working in Indian schools under the Federal Government. The resolution asked that they come un- der the scheme, if they so wished, and become eligible for old age pensions. Edison niade over 50,000 experi- ments in eight years before per- fecting the storage battery. tures? There are any amount of them to be bought.""—Der Whare Jakob, & in. The bolero bodice is cut on very becoming lines. It is given an entirely jnew aspect through the cowl neck- |line that ends in a scarf at the back. It is a tweed printed silk in rich dark brown tones with beige contrast in plain crepe. Style No. 921 is designed in sizes 16, 18, 20 years, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inches bust. You can copy it at a big saving. Black canton crepe with white \erepe is very ehic and dignified or if preferred the cowl neckline may be made of self material. Transparent yelvet, crepy patterned or plain woollen, crepe satin and crepe marocain are delightful suggestions for this model. Size 86 requires 314 yards 54-inch with 54 yard 39-inch contrasting. Send 25 cents (in stamps or coin) |to Fashion Bureau. Write carefully and plainly your name and full \address, the number of the pattern |and the size you want. How To Order Patterns. Address: W iP | Agreement Reached With Buyers Means Much To Farmers Growing out of a series of confer- jences held in Toronto between repre- |Sentatives of the leading wholesale buyers of poultry and officials of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, | Hon. Robert Weir, minister of the de- artment, announced an agreement |had been reached on the part of the Government Pi h buyers to recognize grades as the standard for trading, and the establishment of substantial price differentials between classes and grades, "The agreement marks one of the Hon. T. G. Murphy, | most important developments in the Minister of the Interior, in charge of | poultry industry in many years," Says a statement issued by the agri- The statement cultural department. continues: “Just what this means to the farmers of Canada is ket yalue may be added to the indi- birds to be marketed during the next two or three months this means the possibility of increased cash returns to farmers of from $5,000,000 to $7,- 500,000.” Canada’s poultry season extends | Oct. 20 to the New During that time approxi- mately 15,000,000 chickens and older Experiments are being made by the | fowl will be marketed in this coun- Research Association for the British|try in addition to the Industries | geese, roughly from Year. ducks, ete. The four pounds. All poultry will be divided two main grades, to drink. on a milk-white color. muscles. ‘The two grades will be sub-divided into several classes and the buyers will pay a dfferential of 4 cents a pound in favor of the milk-fed class. It will mean that the farmer who “finishes” his poultry, that is crate- feeds them, will get a substantial Jets his With the present is est'mated that | crate feeding will be a profitable un- margin over the one who stock run at large. price of feed, it dertaking. Cold Weather Layers University Of Saskatchewan ‘Trying To Deyelop Frostp-oof Hen And now they are looking for the frostproof hen at the University of The family of hen No. 800 is showing up remarkably layers. While Saskatchewan was doing its worst in the way of blizzards these pullets in |a cold house were nobly producing |their daily eggs. There are eight full Saskatchewan. well as cold weather announcement 1AN OF PR. CONDUCTORS Charles H. S. Henderson, vidual bird. With some 15,000,000 conductor operating on the Canadian | , Pacific Railway run between Stephen and Edmundston, N.B., lays train St. turkeys, average weight of the chickens will be about into “milk-fed” and “selected.” “Milk-fed” does not neces- sarily mean that the birds get milk It means that they have been crate fed until their muscles have been softened and the fat takes | The selected athletic jclaim to the distinction of having | been the youngest train conductor on | any railway and of being today the oldest of any in active service. In |1878, at the age of barely seventeen, jhe was conductor on the New Bruns- wick Railway between above points and he continued in the same capacity when it was taken over by the Cana- dian Paific. Born in 1862, from the age of nine, when he lost his parents, he has been in continuous employ- ment and since 1883 has had uninter- rupted charge of regular scheduled trains with the exception of a short term as Train Master. He has had under his éare at various times three presidents of the Canadian Pacific Rallway—Sir W. C. Van Horne, who ‘said of him, “You're some man, Hen- derson"—Baron- Shaughnessy, who described him as “a very careful and efficient man’’—and E. W. Beatty, of whose special train touring the Mari- time Provinces last year he was con- |ductor. Mr. Beatty congratulated him ‘on his many years of service and in- troduced him to Sir Herbert Holt who told him he had the most wonderful record of the system. This year Mr. Henderson was conductor of the vice regal train carrying Lady Willingdon ,and suite from St. Edmundston to St. | Andrews. As above illustration*shows, |he is still in full possession of the energy and vigor of a man many | years younger. Germany’s Hard Times Mgke Present Depression In Canada | Look Like Bountiful Prosperity | If it is thought that times are hard in Canada today, just give a thought to what the Germans are up against. A recent news dispatch points out that of 40,000,000 German men and women of yoting age, nearly one- sisters from an early hatch. The ear- ‘third are dependent on public funds \liest started laying in August and | for food and shelter—not counting they average 58 eggs each up to the | Government employees. The German present time. The eggs of No. 800 are remarkable Seventy-four in another direction. Government iast year spent about $1,- + 250,000,000 for all purposes, Of this !sum more than half was devoted to eggs from this hen were included inj the support of 12,000,000 persons who one setting of the incubator and 60 chicks were produced. were entirely dependent on the state. This is chick | Production of 81 per cent. This fac- tor of high fertility and hatchability Wage reductions are proposed for German industry; but skilled workers now only average $16.25 a week, and in the eggs is considered highly im-, Unskilled workers get around $10. portant by Professor W. J. Rae, who is keeping records of this poultry The sire of the pullet under test was of the same family as Lady champion family. Victoria, former egg layer. world’s Peguis Post Office Peguis post office in Manitoba takes its name from Peguis, the Saulteaux Indian chief, who was a friend of the Red River settlers and well disposed to the whites in their efforts to found a colony in the early years of the nineteenth century. This makes our own depression look like bountiful prosperity. Deyelopment Of Dairying sociation, in conjunction with the Winnipeg Board of Trade, is working on a scheme for the development of The Manitoba Livestock Credit As- | dairying and of increasing the produc- tion of poultry and eggs, and the rehabilitation of hogless farms. Every town has a rieh man who wears the same straw last five sea- sons. And it’s none of our business. Advertising Canadian. Wheat | Practical Method Of Increasing De-| mand For Western Product In | Great Britain | A suggestion was offered by this} newspaper, says the Toronto Mail and Empire, when discouraged holders of | the 1929 western wheat crop were complaining about Britain's slack de- | mand for their grain. We advised that instead of blaming Britain and the British people, our growers should set about creating a demand in Britain for their product. It was pointed out that British consumers need to be educated in. the superior merits of Canada’s hard wheat, which is used as an ingredient of all the best flour that is to be obtained on the world’s market. What do British consum- ers know about the solid claims of Canada’s number one hard? They know only what they learn from the British wheat traders and the British manufacturers of flour, in which Canada’s high-grade wheat is blend- ed. The British wheat ffnporter is a business man, bent on buying to the best advantage. There is no sentiment in his operations. He knows the value of Canada’s hard wheat and naturally seeks to obtain as price. If wheat is offered from other countries, as Argentina, Germany, Russia, at prices that underbid the price of Canada’s exporters, it is not | Canadian wheat he will buy. He is | working in his own interest. | The Canadian wheat growers must | work in their own interest. They be- |gin to realize the importance of do- ing ‘so, and-the idea we advocated appears now to be largely entertain- ed in Western Canada. By this means they tend to build up a de- mand among British consumers for the wheat Canada has to sell. Our Canadian cheese won a high reputa- tion on the British market, and consumers there got in the habit of asking for our product. They can | be similarly led to ask for flour or for bread of which Canadian number one hard is a constituent. But it will not be by British importers of wheat that they will be scliooled. These importers naturally desire to keep control of the British consump- | tive demand, so that whatever wheat | they may buy at bargain prices they can sell it all to British consumers. | Undoubtedly there is a very consider- |able proportion of British consumers | who are to some degree influenced by | Empire sentiment. These will prefer | Canadian wheat on that account. A \larger number of British consumers need to be made aware that the Cana- dian wheat is the best produced. That of itself will turn a very great vol- | | ume of Britain's consumptive demand | in favor of Canadian wheat, Efficient marketing, of whose importance there |is now general recognition through- /out the Empire, largely consists in in- good advertising that the great body of consumers is reached. Thus is cre- the American Institute of Steel Con- { milk as the one way by which it can |ated a demand that the traders must | struction, said following the close of , be. made absolutely safe. A wealth of | material might be written about the | “Reduction or cancellation by the | value and safeguards of the process. | United States of world war debts Most of the large dairies serving im- | would be the most forward step that | portant centres pasteurize all their milk. From the health standpoint pas- — reckon with. Horses On the Farm Question Of Horses Versus Tractors On the Farm Is Not Yet Settled The perennial question of horses ys. motor for use on Michigan farms |has by no means been settled. There are still a goodly number of the lead- |ing agriculturists who hold that the | good old “hay-burners” afford a mo- tive power that cannot be equalled for all purposes on the farm by any mechanical device. If more power is |needed, say they, use more horses. So, over at Marshall is to be staged | | |a unique contest. Farmers will exhib- | lit special appliances which enable | |them to use more than the usual | number of horses in teams for heavy duty. Four, five and six-horse teams jare entered for the first multiple- hitch plowing contest ever to be held \in Michigan. One ‘eight-horse team, | which regularly is used -by its owner for ordinary farm operations, will | || PROGRESS OF WATER POWER INSTALLATION | ate at the contest.—Detroit News. In taking stock of | position during the present period of one of the most inspiring features is the | world-wide economic difficulty, fact that the Dominion’s water-pow. er resources furnish a seemingly ir. Canda’s 3 development has maintained a sure- | ness of advance through all obstacles |—through the pre-war slump, through - | through the drastic ups and downs of -|the last decade, And today, in the HORSE POWER 6,000, 2,000,000) NI WW oh QQ\Q\\\\‘" eg. Li Union, pes 14 475 McDermot Ave., Winni, NOMO oe eweees ne wees W. N. U. 1865 SE lati Zz TOWD pens cme see me mee mentee nme ann of business cycles, water-jower de- ahead. installation has risen from less than 1,000,000 to nearly 6,000,000 horse power. the past twenty years, ee eee ee es velopment continues to forge rapidly Since 1910 Canada’s water-power The record of growth has been a marvel of persistency. During water-power -| program of hydro-electric installa- tion in the history of the Dominion. This ability of water-power devel- opment to hold its forward course in the face of recession in almost every fortunate and favourable factors af- an” progress, the disruption of the war itself, and/ | Germany Has Big Libraries Berlin Leads Cities With Over Nine Million Volumes Statistics have just been published lregarding the number of books in Germany's libraries. According to repressible impetus to national pro-| midst of. world-wide depression, there | these the total number is 54,000,000 gress. In the face of all the buffets ‘is being carried forward the greatest | volumes, Berlin leading with 9,360,- STEPPING UP CANADAS WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT. 000 and Munich following with 4,260,- 000, In consequence of the regulation |that one copy of every new copy- righted work must be sent to the |“Deutsche Bucherei” at Leipzig, that city now contains 3,130,000 books, and four other German cities possess | |libraries that have over a million. Great Future For the West Minister Of Marine Eulogizes Western Canada On His Return To the East | A great future for the west and | British Columbia in particular wa | predicted by Hon. Alfred Duranleau, Minister of Marine, on his return to Montreal, after a three week's trip to the Pacific Coast Mr. Duranleau was enthusiastic | when speaking of the west. The west is not well enough known by the peo- | ple of the east, he said. Its beauties are indescribable. Canada's Clay Resources | In addition to many other types of | | | other major field is one of the most | clays Canada has immense resources was taken to @ |of clays and shales suitable for the) fecting Canada’s economic position | manufacture of building brick, and | ed home in thirteen minutes rtructural and drain tiles. | much of it as he can at the lowest | mien La Greate Canada's Lies In Increasing Phe be Production Of Livestock : At atime when the prices for grains and other farm products have been declining rapidly, livestock prices have shown outstanding strength. At present relative prices, says the monthly letter of the Royal Bank of Canada, it is decidely more profitable for the farmer to export his grain in the form of cattle, cheese and bacon than to attempt to sell his grain in a world market burdened with surplus supplies from many countries. Perhaps the outstanding opportun- ity in livestock at the present mo- ment is in the market for pork and bacon. The demand for bacon in | Great Britain has grown at an arnaz- ing rate. In 1921, imports of bacon into Great Britain amounted to 636 million pounds. In each of the last three years the total imports into |that market have been more than |900 million pounds. This is an in- crease of 50 per cent., and most of |the additional supplies have come |from Denmark. Canadian shipments, however, are no greater today than they were forty years ago. In 1924, the average price of Cana- | dian bacon on the British market was ‘equivalent to the price which pre- vailed in September 1930, in that market. In 1924, Canadian exports amounted to 120 million pounds. For | the present year it is doubtful wheth- jer they will amount to as much as 20 |million pounds. In 1924, the price of wheat was approximately 75 per jcent. higher than at present, and the! known |price of barley, the most important! others interested in Canadian live- smore | stock might well consider their op- the | portunities for the development of — facts | the: industry and the extension of Seem to indicate that the possible | poth the domestic and export mar- matgin of profit in hogs has improv- | kets for such products. 5 grain for the bacon hog, was than two and one-half times price now prevailing. These ed decidedly. is declining. st Opportun: {1928 received a substantial premium |for its high quality. i ‘port trade in animal products has [been partly due to the great in- jerease in domestic requirements. joes has been very great during the past few years and production has not increased in keeping with the growing demand. Shipments over- |seas have been drastically cut, and jin some instances, such as butter and lamb, large quantities have been shipped info Canada. Butter imports amounted to nearly 26 milfion pounds in 1929, and imports of mutton and lamb to.over four million pounds. Substantial quantities of beef and pork were also brought in. duced in Canada each year. Mill offals, screenings and similar pro- ducts are available in abundance. Under prevailing conditions, The rapid decline in Canada’s ex- 3 Millions of bushels of low-grade © wheat and coarse grains are pro- it fs British imports of dairy products steady supplies with quality and have also been maintained, although' price in keeping with similar pro- the proportion secured from Canada| ducts from other countries is neces- Canadian exports of sary if Canada is to butter have practically disappeared former position in the international and shipments of cheese are one-third | field. Present conditions seem to be less than they were five years ago.|favorable for the expansion of this Canadian cheese long held first place | industry and for greater diversifica~ in the British market and as late as tion in Canadian agriculture. more profitable to market these commodities through the medium of livestock and animal products than by selling them as raw mater- ials. The home market itself offers op- portunities for the expansion of Cana- dian. production. The efforts of the British Government through the Im- perial Economic Conference and the Empire Marketing Board have creat- ed conditions favorable to the exten- — sion of Canadian exports in the Bri- tish markets. The high standard of quality achieved by producers of Canadian bacon and cheese is well overseas. Farmers and The assur-_ ance to importers of adequate an: her Suggests That United States Reduces Or Cancels Altogether War \situatjon if the United States 1 An immense change for the better] ally would appear in the world business | factors in the food supply of the fam- re-|ily, but it is not without its dangers’ duced, if not cancelled entirely, the! | war debts owed by foreign nations to| | Montclair, N.J., executive director of the institute’s annual convention. ‘could be imagined toward dissipating |international depression,” said Mr. | Abbott. | hanging over the heads of the coun- fe owing them it is discouraging of the economic system. “Such cancellation or reduction | would not only hearten the debtor | nations to get back into their indus- |trial stride, but it would undoubtedly Sone foreign sentiment | American-made products and thus | bring due reward in its train for this country.” Dates Back Many Years | Prince Edward Islanders Started Fox Farming In 1878 “Summer visitors to Prince Ed- ward Island have observed that fox pens are almost as numerous in the province as hen houses are on farms in the United States,” says the New business dates back to 1878 when pioneer breeders near Tignish start- Adams and Eves of this flourishing industry. In 1929 the Canadian National Fox Breeders’ Association registered 70,833 newborn cubs, all descended from the original group.” Vancouver Harbor Expect To Handle 160,000,000 Bushels Of Wheat This Wintér The Vancouver Harbor may be called upon this winter to handle about 150,000,000 bushels of wheat, and the Commissioners state that the port fs capable of doing this. The chairman, Sam McClay, is quoted as saying: “We have nearly 14,500,000 bushels elevator capacity now, with an additional 2,000,000 bushels com- ing in about November 15th, and we can find ways and means of storing everything that comes to us.” Swallow Fast As 'Plane Swallows fly as fast as an aero- plane, the speed of flight of one of them having been timed at more than two miles a minute. A Frenchman caught one that had flown into his room from a nest outside his window. A bit of red cloth was tied about the bird's leg for identification, and it point twenty-eight “So long as those debts are| that it shoul as a carrier of disease germs. It ‘is for this reason that health authorities | teresting the consumers. It is through this country, Charles F. Abbott, of|and experts of the Making Milk Safe Health Authorities Constantly Urge the Pasteurization Of Milk ~ Milk and milk products are gener- as the most x - 3 dairy industry ds of urge the is Pp id be done at home if a toward | supply from a commercial plant is ‘not available. How this is done is ize Milk” which has just been issued by the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa. Briefly, by the use of a dairy thermometer and a double boiler of suitable capacity milk is held at a temperature of 145 degrees Fahren- ‘heit for a period of thirty minutes, |then cooled quickly to below 50 de-_ | grees Fahrenheit. When thus treated | milk is safe. A Scotch Dictionary First Volume To Be Published After 22 years Of Preparation After 22 years of preparation the national dictionary of Scotland is to ;8ppear in installments. When com~- ‘pleted it will consist of 10 volumes, ) York Sun, which points out that this | ¢2¢h of about $20 pages. Preparations |are being made to publish a part of Volume I., with an introduction deal- \ed with a score of foxes captured in| #8 with the Lowland language of | the woods. “The original 20 were the | Scotland and its dialects, illustrated by two dialect maps. Volume II. will contain an introduction upon the origin of the Scottish language, and Volume IIE. one upon the history of Scottish dictionary making. To Discuss New Calendar In October, 1931, the council of the League of Nations will conyene ‘here ‘to discuss the international adoption of a changed calendar. A thirteen~ month year will be urged by commit- tees representing nine countries In Europe, two in North America, eight in South America, and seven in Cen- tral Améfica. Tt is said that travel broadens one, So does good home cooking. “Another pint. In two glass miles distant and released. It arriv: and forty-five seconds. [Gaies, Yverdon, No, T am not thirsty enough to drink with both hands." — Pages and unsettling toward rehabilitation! told in the pamphlet “Why Pasteur- -