ABBOTSFORD, SUMAS AND MATSQUI NEWS

Many Factors

Enter Into

Establishment Of A Sound
Plan Of Crop Insurance

Crop insurance attempts in Sas-
katchewan had failed for several rea-
sons, one of which was small capital-
ization and lack of adequate finan-
cial reserves of operating companies,
stated Wilmer J. Hansen, of Ottawa,
who addressed members of the Cana-
dian Society of Technical Agricultur-
ists at Saskatoon. Mr. Hansen re-
viewed the whole question of crop in-
surance as it was related to Saskat-
chewan.

It was significant, he said, that in
the period 1918-1935, there were only
three years, 1922, 1923 and 1928,
when the average yield of wheat did
not fall to five bushels per acre or
less in any one municipality of the
province. “Even in those years, it
may be safely asserted that crop
failure was experienced on & con-
siderable number of individual
farms,” he said.

There were many factors affecting
the wheat crop in Saskatchewan
which demanded consideration in in-
suring the crop. Some of these were
soil and topography, chemical, phys-
ical and biological characteristics of
the soil, arability, texture of soil and
subsoil, tendency to drift, location
with respect to the drouth area, dli-
matic conditions, prevalence of plant
disease, infestation by birds, animals,
rodents and insects, besides many
farm procedure factors, including
preparation of the seed bed, selection
of wheat “varieties, the depth and
rate of seeding, adequacy of farm
power, weed control, insect control,
rotation methods, use of fertilizers
and so on.

The yield of wheat per acre was
the result of the unpredictable com-
bination of all the foregoing factors.

During the last 20 years, Mr. Han-

sen said, the yield of wheat per acre
had been a more important factor
than the acreage seeded in determin-
ing the total production of wheat in
the province.
- During the period 1916-1935, 252,-
000,000 acres had been seeded to
wheat. Regarding yields not in ex-
cess of five bushels per acre as crop
failures, approximately nine per cent.
of the acreage seeded to wheat had
been a crop failure, and four per
cent. had produced bumper crops.
Bumper crop periods had been less
frequent than other type years.
“They are apparently the exception
rather than the rule,” the speaker
said. ‘

Several attempts at crop insurance
had been made by insurance com-
panies, the types including yield in-
surance (general crop coverage) cost
of production or investment, mini-
mum cash value per acre, citrus and
truck garden crops, and hail insur-
ance. a

The attempts at general crop in-
surance had failed because, (1) oper-
ations were restricted to a relatively
small area, the entire territory of
which was affected by drouth.
(2) The insurance contract covered
prices as well as yield, and prices
took an unexpected drop. (3) The
data were insufficient upon which to
base coverage and premium rates in
order to avoid over and under insur-
ance. (4) Inefficient management and
lack of control over agents; writing
of insurance late in the season when
it was evident losses would be in-
curred, and (5) small capitalization
and lack of adequate financial re-
serves on the part of the operating
companies which would enable them
to spread risks and conduct opera-
tions for a long period.

The problem of crop insurance was
not that of averaging losses of the
individual farmer from year to year,
as it was one of averaging the losses
over a period of years, the speaker
declared. It was not so much of
spreading the income of a group of

Toads Eat Bugs

And They Grow Them Large In
Hawaii

“Hawaiian toads’ are the latest
discoyery of American agricultural
experts in_their efforts to find de-
stroyers of insects that attack crops.

The toads, scientifically known as
the Bufo Marinus, first were intro-
duced into the Hawaiian Islands a
few years ago, where they proved ex-
tremely useful in eradicating all
harmful insects on sugar planta-
tions.

Since then, they have become suf-
ficiently numerous to permit exporta-
tion, and the first foreign demands
have come from the British colony
in the Fiji Islands, where they again
are giving excellent results.

‘They are now sufficient in numbers
to permit of exportation to any coun-
try of the world that asks for them.

They are the largest toads known
and can devour an amazing quantity
of bugs.

SMALLEST PONY AT INTERNATIONAL SHOW

Above is the

the little fellow by its front feet.

Show at Olympia, London. Its charming mistress has no difficulty

smallest shetland pony entered at the International Horse

holdi

Depends On Circumstances |
Sometimes Hard And Fast Rules
Should Be Broken
On retiring after 46 years of pro-
gressively successful service to the
Canadian Pacific Railway, one em-
ployee declared facetiously that his
promotion was accounted for by his
breaking of the company’s rules.
This sounds like insubordination, but
insubordination will not get any in-
dividual far along the road to suc-
cess. A little thought brings the
conviction that circumstances may
arise in which hard-and-fast regula-
tions will not work. In moments of
doubt a man, eager to do the right
thing, may throw aside all the rules,
letting common sense be his guide.
In the railway business, as in all ex-
tensive enterprises, quick decisions
are necessary, and there may be no
time to consult the rule-book. There
will be more commendation for @

New Gadgets

U.S. Patent Office Cluttered Up With
Inventions

Inventions on which patents were
granted by the U.S. Patent Office
during the past month included the
following:

A necktie constructed in telescop-
ing sections so that it can be adjust-
ed to any length. . F

A golf club with a drill in the top
of the shaft for boring a hole in
which to insert a wooden tee when
the ground is hard.

A salt shaker with a rotatable
brush inside the cap for clearing the
perforations of caked salt.

A refrigerator tray which freezes
ice in spheres instead of cubes.

A streamlined head for golf clubs.

A sandwich bag with a special
compartment in the bottom for salt
and pepper.

‘A machine for slicing mushrooms.
—Time. y

Now Honored By Nation

Chinese Once Denounced As Traitor
Given New Home

Ma Hsiang-po, 98-year-old state
councillor who was impeached as a
traitor 40 years ago because he tried
to float a loan in the United States
for industrial development of China,
has moved into a new home in Nan-
king.

Public funds of $15,000 were raised
to honor his great age and a new
house was built. Ma was impeached
in 1897 by the Peking board of cen-
Zors who backed the anti-foreigners
campaign of Tsu Hsi, empress dow-
ager. A devout Catholic, Ma attri-
butes his great age and continued
vigor to his unvaried diet consisting
of sweet milk, sweet biscuits, light
French wine, chicken broth, poached
eggs, orange juice and hot chocolate.

= Study Quints.

To Publish Result Of Psychological
Study Carried Out By University
Why Canada’s world-famed Dionne

quintuplets behave as the five healthy

youngsters they are will be disclosed
in his next annual report, Dr. Allan

Ray Dafoe, their physician, said. The

report will be published this fall.

Results of a psychological study of

the quints, carried out by University

of Toronto experts under Dr. W. E.

Blatz, psychologist and educationist,

are being compiled now. Findings of

the experts were passed on to Dr.

Dafoe.

od

Rubber Trees Short Lived

Are Only Valuable Commercially For
About 30 Years

A short time ago we learned a lot
about tea plantations in India from
J. M. Kilburn, of Assam, and then
we took our second lesson in export-
ing trades of the British Empire
from Mr. and Mrs. H. E Sparks, @
charming English couple who have
left their rubber plantation in Pe-
nang, Strait Settlement, for a trip
to the Old Country... We were told
that rubber, as it runs from the trees
looks like a harmless cup of milk,
but it has a nasty trick of gumming
up everything it touches. A couple
of drops in your hair, for instance,
will send you to the barber to be
shaved as bald as a baby. Estates,
staffed mostly by tappers from
Sumatra, India, run from 200 to 10,-
000 acres. Trees resemble our firs in
size and live indefinitely. Their
commercial life is about 25 to 30
years, but science is devising a sys-

the trunk which planters hope will
raise yearly production from 400
pounds an acre to two thousand. The
milky sap (called latex) is lugged to
the factory where it is seived into
tanks, broken down with water and
mixed with acid to coagulate. It’s left
overnight with aluminum slats in-
serted in the tanks, so that in the
morning the rubber has formed hard
white slabs. These are rolled to one-
eighth-inch thickness and sent to the
smoke house for two to five days un-
til thoroughly dry and a beautiful
amber brown in color. The product
is then exported to manufacturers
throughout the world who start in to
tear the slabs apart and make them
all over again... Mr. Sparks has
been on his plantation for 27 years.
When he first arrived he covered the
estate on horseback, but now he uses
a little two-seater car to go over his
2,000 acres.—Toronto Telegram.

Weight has no influence on the
velocity of falling bodies. An iron
pall and a wooden bal, of equal size,
will fall at the same rate of speed.

Passenger trips taken on British
railways in a recent month numbered
99,911,912.

tem of bud grafting at the base of |

Clay. In The Cypress Hills

Rich Deposit Of Bentonite Is Await-
ing Development

Mr. W. G. Worcester, professor of
ceramics in Saskatchewan Univers-
ity, reports that rich deposits of
bentonite in the Cypress Hills area
await development Bentonite is used
in 50 different commercial processes.
Its chief use in oil refining is that of
| decolorizing oil, and in soap-making
lot whitening off-colour tallows. Old
| newsprint is now being recovered in
the United States by a process in
which the clay is employed to re-
move printer’s ink from newspapers
and magazines, and clean paper is
| then made from the pulp. Dry clean-
| ers use this clay for rejuvenating
cleaning fluids.

Park Animals Friendly

Antics Of Bears Go Over Big |

Jasper Visitors

Various species of wild life are
now looked upon as part and parcel
of the everyday doings at Jaspe!
| Park Lodge. This year the four-foot-
ed animals seem to be on a more
friendly basis than ever and already
have come out to check the guests at
the lodge over. Apparently they have
approved and are carrying on where
they left off last year.

The bears, of course, rate highly
in guest interest and already have
started to stage their hippodrome
wrestling bouts on the first fairway
of the golf course. Their frolicking
antics have gone over in a big way
with the early visitors.

Would Be Accommodation
One of the latest suggestions for
the railways, put forward by an
executive of a railway equipment
company, is for a double-deck pas-
senger car with skeleton framing,

which will quickly load automobiles |

| from station platforms and transport
them with the passengers’
\and the passengers below.

The Persian water pipe is known
as a “hookah.” Smoke is drawn
| through a vase filled with water, by
|means of a long, flexible stem, or
tube.

©

Good After Dinner Story
The death of the window of Pett
Ridge recalls the wonderful work he

» farmsrs as much as spreading the in-
come of individual farmers over a
period of years.

Yield insurance aimed at giving
protection covering such uncontrol-
lable hazards as drouth, hail, wind,
temperature, insect infestation, plant
diseases, flood, lightning and tornado.

A 60 per cent. coverage of the
long-term average yield of wheat
would perform a reasonable service,
the speaker believed.

He discussed the advisability of
compulsory crop insurance, and drew
the conclusion that a modified com-
pulsory crop insurance plan was de-

nirable. Technical insurance matters, UDP:

such as payment of premiums and
the position of tax payments with

did for children in East London. A
humorous writer, his hobby was child
welfare. He was also a first-class
| after-dinner speaker. One of his best
| after-dinner stories was of a notice
| which he said he had seen outside
| one of the then new dance halls. This
\notice read: “The management have
| the right to refuse admission to any
lady they think proper.”

ed
Strange Security

Lunghua Pagoda, which has stood

for ages as the most noted landmark

of Shanghai, has been mortgaged for

yy the monks of Lunghua Tem- |

| ple to a rice shop in a nearby village. |
| The abbot was embarrassed recently
when he was asked to pay a large

PATTERN”

charm and color!

5751
Here's a bit of simple “Addition” that adds up to something full of
Combine a border of crochet with a cross stitch motif

Combine Crochet and Cross Stitch

Together
' or Each
Alone

respect to indemnities, were also dis- &
rice bill contracted by the temple,|that echoes the same dainty rose design, and you'll bring new beauty to

cussed.

“Did you hear about Smith, the
bank cashier? He's stolen fifty
thousand dollars from his bank, and
run off with his friend’s wife!”

“Good heavens! And who'll take
his Sunday School class to-morrow?”

which has been insolvent for a long) scarf, towels,
time, and he asked the proprietor of | cross stitch or
the store to take the pagoda as se-
curity.

pillow cases or other

King George I. of England, could
not speak the language of his do-

., Winni .
Aa, 2011 E., Winnipeg.

linens. If you prefer, use either the

crochet alone, doing the embroidery in a single or varied
colors, the crochet in white or colored thread. In pattern 5751 you will find
a transfer pattern of two-motifs 4x 10% inches; two motifs 344 x7% inches;
a chart and directions for a 3x15 inch crocheted edge; material require-
ments; illustrations of all stitches used; color suggestions.

To obtain this pattern send 20 cents in stamps or coin (coin preferred)
to Household Arts Dept., Winnipeg Newspaper Union, 175 McDermot Ave.

There is no Alice Brooks pattern book published

man who ds by breaking the
rules than for one who fails by
sticking to them.

There are precedents for this dis-
regard of orders and rules, Military
leaders find themselves in positions
where disregard of recognized tactics
and reliance on initiative will save
the day. And didn’t the mighty Nel-
son at Copenhagen place his blind
eye to the telescope when signals
ordered him to retire from the bat-
tle? And where is there a greater
naval hero than Nelson? He dis-
obeyed commands but “England ex-
pects every man to do his duty’ was
most effective than orders. Any-
way, William Fulton has been a high-
ly successful railway official.—Tor-
onto Globe and Mail.

Process Is A Secret

Molten Glass Can Be Drawn Into
Fine Strong Threads

Underwear, blankets ,and wool can
now be made from glass. The pro-
cess of manufacture is a close secret,
put this much is known. Steam is
| applied to molten glass and turns it
into a snow-white, fluffy mass which
can be drawn into fine threads of
great strength.

Each thread is 1-20th the dia-
meter of a human hair and is drawn
at the rate of 260,000 feet per min-
ute, or 3,000 miles an hour—faster
than a high velocity rifle bullet! If
the quantity of glass in an ordinary
pint milk bottle were subjected to
this process it would more than lap
the world at the equator.—Montreal
Star.

Takes Flyer’s Advice

Sir Malcolm Campbell Has 34,500
Tennis Balls In Speedboat

Sir Malcolm Campbell, holder of

the world land speed record, took a

tip from the trans-Atlantic fliers,

Dick Merrill and Harry Richman, in

Farm Club Work Has Placed
Young Farmers In Position
OfCommandingImportance

One of the distinctive features of
modern agriculture in the Dominion
is the prominence of youth in all that
pertains to the industry. This was
not always so. In times gone by,
owing to force of circumstances there
was little inducement to youth on
the farm further than a love of hard
work, but, since the interest of
young people has been aroused, the
love of achievement in the oldest and
greatest of all industries has placed
the young farmer in a position of
commanding importance.

This commanding position is in
reality the outcome of one of the
most progressive and encotiraging
movements of modern times, namely,
farm club organization for girls and
boys. Officially known as “Boys’
and Girls’ Farm Club Work in Can-
ada,” the movement is designed to
develop interest in the farm and farm
life; to provide a practical education
in agriculture and home economics;
to improve farm practices; to en-
courage the use of better livestock
and seed; and to train young people
for citizenship in their respective dis-
trict

The boys’ and girls’ farm club work
fis encouraged by Dominion and Pro-
vincial Departments of Agriculture,
and Extension Departments of the
Universities and Agricultural Col-
leges, and is consolidated and co-
ordinated through the “Canadian
Council on Boys’ and Girls’ Farm
Work.” The movement is national in
its scope and outlook, and the in-
creasing enrolment of members is
encouraging. In 1931 there were
1,215 clubs with a membership of
21,142. In 1936 the number of clubs
had increased to 2,098 and the mem-
bership to 34,457.

The membership of the Canadian
Council on Boys’ and Girls’ Farm
Club Work includes the Dominion
Department of Agriculture, the Pro-
vincial Departments of Agriculture,
with the exception of Saskatchewan
which is represented by the Exten-
sidén Department of the University,
and several business institutions and
associations. The central office of the
council is in the Confederation Build-
ing, Ottawa, and the General Secre-
tary is A. B. MacLaurin.

Would Help Growers

If Canada Had More Plants
Canning Vegetables
Possibly if Canadians knew better

For

|! how to can vegetables or if cities en-

couraged the establishment of plants
as canneries in smaller centres, we
should help Canadian growers and
workers. For the value of the fresh
vegetables imported during April in-
creased approximately $133,000 over
April, 1936. The amount was $792,-
000 as compared with $659,000 of
which the United States supplied
$609,221. Domestic exports of fresh
vegetables were worth $145,000 as
compared with $103,000 of which the

| building his new speedboat, the Blue-
| bird, which was launched in Scotland
on Loch Lomond. .Sir Malcolm may}
use the boat in an attempt to cap-|

Gar Wood. Following the idea of}
Merrill and Richman, who flew the
Atlantic with table tennis balls
| stowed in the wings of their plane,
Sir Malcolm has 34,500 table tennis
balls lining the hull of his speedboat
to give added buoyance.

eee Idea

Plan Adopted By Parents Of Popu-
lar Daughter Works Well |
Mary stayed out later than her |
parents thought she should. |

}

She is}

United States took $113,174. Potatoes
were exported in heavier volume,
amounting to 196,736 bushels as com-~-
pared with 102,003, the United States

luggage |
ture the world speed record from) being the largest purchaser.—Bran-

don Sun.

Indian Prince Buys Jewels

Pays $74,175 For Necklace Which
Belonged To French Queen

An Indian prince paid £15,000
($74,175) for a diamond necklace
which belonged to Marie Antoinette.
The necklace, with 43 stones in a red
Morocco case bearing the coat-of-
arms and initials of the French
queen, was purchased at Sotheby's
auction by an agent for the Maha-

18 and her parents used to sit up and| rajah of Barhanga. It was sold by its
wait until she came home. Mary said| joint owners, the Archduchess Blanca
she was being treated like a child.| of Austria and Princess Beatrice of
So they set an hour between the Hime} Bourbon, daughters of Don Carlos,
Mary thought she should be in and the! late claimant of the Spanish throne.
time the parents said was right and “
the alarm clock was placed at that Sky Scrapers In Germany
hour. Now the parents go to bed on} *yjamburg is to have a towering
time and it is up to Mary to be home| New York-like skyline as a “monu-
ie time to “unset” the alarm clock| mental expression” of its importance
| and the plan works well.—Parents'| a5 a world port. An extensive pro-
Magazine. gram of tall buildings has been
| authorized by Chancellor Adolf Hitler
} and announced to the Hamburg Sen-
}ate. One of the first projects will be
Government (Ship On 5,000-Mile| a 60-story skyscraper, 880 feet high.
Patrol In Hudson Bay | Others, ranging up to 15 stories, will
The N. B. McLean, biggest unit of| include a hotel for workers.
the government icebreaking fleet,
| has sailed from Quebec on her an-|' ‘The Indian swallow, the bird that
nual 5,000-mile patrol in Hudson Bay| “lives in a glass house,” glues the
and Strait. The ship will be away) top of its nest to a rocky cliff, and
until Oetober, |spins a basket-shaped
On board were 11 wireless opera-| gelatinous threads that harden in the
tors who will relieve men stationed| air and resemble amber glass.
in the northern lighthouses since the
ship’s visit last year.

On Long Trip

structure of

J. M. Barrie, in “Dear Brutus,”
said there were three things which a
man can never recall: the spoken
word, the past life, and the neglected
opportunity.

Overalls with pictures of the city
printed on them are now sold in Lon-
dop

drag