Che Order of St.

John

Serving Humanity Since 1099 A.D.

If You Do Not Know How To Give ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

Let St. John Ambulance Teach You NOW!

POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED IN ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

1. Familiarize yourself with all phases of artificial respiration
and practise it until you know it perfectly.

2. Use artificial respiration in any case where a person has
stopped breathing because of drowning, hanging, choking,
strangulation, poison gas, poison, electricity, exposure, or smoke.
3. Stort artificial respiration IMMEDIATELY.

4. Have someone call a doctor, ambulance and police or fire
department emergency car.

“The MOUTH-TO-MOUTH Method”
PROCEED AS FOLLOWS: 7

(a) Clear the mouth of any obstruc-
tion to breathing.

(b) Lay the casualty on his back. If [| ©. ~:
possible, on a table, for the
greater comfort of the rescuer.

(c) Place a folded coat or other thick
pod under his shoulders so that
the head falls well back (Fig. 1).
This “‘chin-up’* position will help
to keep the windpipe straight and
free of kinks. | a

(d) Kneel by the side of the casualty’s
head; or stand by the side of the
table at the level of the casualty’s
head.

(e) Press the casualty’s head tu the
fully extended position and draw
the chin well forward (Fig. 2).
The airway to the lungs will now
be fully open, unless it contains
foreign matter of some sort.

(f) i) The rescuer now takes a deep
breath, and places his mouth
over the mouth of the casu-
alty while pinching closed the
casualty’s nostrils (Fig. 3),
using the hand not engaged ©
in holding the chin up, The
rescuer then blows into the
casualty’s lungs, sufficiently
strongly to cause the casual-
ty’s chest to rise. This move-
ment may be seen by the
rescuer looking out of the
corner of his eye. The rescuer
then turns his head away
(Fig. 4), takes another breath
and repeats the cycle.

ii) In the interval, air passively exhale from the casualty’s
lungs. There may be an audible sound, and the chest
will fall.

iii) The cycle should be repeated about every three to five
seconds for an adult, and a iittle more frequently for a
child. The blowing will be less strong for a child or a
baby, but in any event should be strong enough to cause
the casualty’s chest to rise. In the case of very small
infants, it may be found better for the operator to cover
with his mouth both the mouth and nose of the comany.
and blow through both at the same time.

The method of artificial respiration
should be known to. all First Aiders as an alternative to other
methods. It may be the best method in certain cases, but
should not be regarded as the only method, nor even the best
method in all cases.

(hs toa artificial respiration is
indicated, fons no lime — every

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S. Apply pressure compatible with the build of the patient.

6. If someone else is taking over when you get tired, don’t
allow any break in the rhythm of the artificial respiration.

7. Don’t stop artificial respiration until breathing has been
restored or a medical practitioner pronounces the patient dead.

8. Have someone remove wet clothes and loosen tight clothing,
especially around the neck, chest and waist. Keep the patient
warm with blankets, clothes and hot water bottles and massage
the limbs towards the heart.

“The HOLGER-NIELSEN Method”

POSITIONS OF CASUALTY AND OPERATOR:
Lay the casualty in the prone

position, —

Place the casualty’s hands, one
over the other, under his forehead.
The head must be turned slightly to
one side. The nose and mouth must be
unobstructed. , The operator will place.
one knee with the inner side in line
with the casualty’s cheek, six to
twelve inches from the top of his
head.

Place the other foot with the heel
in line with the casualty’s elbow.

Place the hands on the casualty’s
back with the heel of the hands on
the lower part of the shoulder-blades,
the thumbs alongside the spine, and
the fingers pointing to the casualty’s
feet (Figs. 39 and 40). Or,- the
fingers may be spread downward and
outward, with the tips of the thumbs
just touching.

Movement (1)— Keeping the arms ©
straight, rock gently forward until
the arms are vertical or almost ver-
tical, depending on the build of the
casualty or that of the operator, using
no special force, counting ‘‘one, two.”
ae Pressure couses expiration (Fig.

Movement (2) — The operator now
rocks back, counting ‘‘three’’ and
slides his hands past the casualty’s
shoulders until they can grip - his
upper arms near the elbow (Fig. 42).
He raises and pulls on the arms un-
til tension is felt, counting ‘’four,
five.’" He should take care not to
raise the chest from the ground. This
movement causes inspiration. The
Operator's arms should remain straight
for the whole period (Fig 43)

SUMMARY, OF COUNTING
AND TIMING — The counting
and timing are as follows:

One, two (or one thousand, two
thousand) —Back Pressure.

Three (or three thousand)—
Sliding Hands to Arms.

Four, five (or four thousand,
five thousand)—Raising Arms.

Six (or six thousand)—Lowering
Arms and Sliding Hands to
Back.

This completes a full cycle occupying approximately five to
six seconds, that is ten to twelve times a minute.

For children OVER THE AGE OF 5 YEARS the pressure on
the shoulder-blades should be considerably reduced and applied
with the finger tips only. The rate should be twelve times per
minute (Fig. 44). For children BELOW 5 YEARS OF AGE the
arms should be laid by the side and a support placed under the
child’s head. Grasp the shoulders with the fingers4pnderneath
the thumbs on top. Press with the thumbs on the,yshoulder-
blades for 2 seconds (for expiration), then lift the shoulders for
2 seconds (for inspiration) (Fig. 45). The rate should be 15

times per mieute