Incorporating intelligence-led policing in integrated cross-border maritime law enforcement operations in British Columbia

British Columbia shares a southern maritime border with Washington State that bisects the Gulf Islands from the San Juan Islands. The RCMP is responsible for the maritime border security between ports of entry. Challenges to maritime border enforcement include a lack of marine domain awareness, globalization, terrorism, transnational organized crime and drug trafficking, criminal networks, and jurisdictional issues. The RCMP have partnered with the US Coast Guard to enforce cross-border criminality in a program called the Integrated Cross-border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations Act (ICMLEO), also referred to as Shiprider. The Shiprider program was implemented under the standard model of policing. By gathering and utilizing better information, adapting an intelligence-led approach, and leveraging technology, the Shiprider program could become more efficacious.